Kafka学习之：mac 上安装 kafka

Brew 安装

• 打开终端

1. xcode-select --install

• 首先要安装这个东西，否则安不了 kafka

  xcode-select --install
  

• 安装完成后，你可能需要同意Xcode和相关工具的许可协议。这可以通过以下命令完成：

  sudo xcodebuild -license
  

2. brew install kafka

• 安装 kafka

  brew install kafka
  

Docker 安装

• 如果你已经安装了Docker，可以使用Docker来运行Kafka和ZooKeeper。

1. 构建 docker-compose.yml

• 在终端中创建一个docker-compose.yml文件，内容如下：

version: '2'
services:
  zookeeper:
    image: wurstmeister/zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"
  kafka:
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

docker 文件解析

zookeeper

• 首先通过 services 定义了容器使用的所有服务，由于 kafka 启动需要借助于 zookeeper，所以我们要同时在 docker 容器中具备 kafka 和 zookeeper 两种服务

  zookeeper:
    image: wurstmeister/zookeeper
    ports:
      - "2181:2181"

• zookeeper: 这是服务的名称，在这个配置中表示 Zookeeper 服务。
• image: 使用的Docker镜像，此处是 wurstmeister/zookeeper。这是一个预配置的 Zookeeper 镜像，适合与Kafka协同工作。
• ports:"2181:2181" 将容器内的 2181 端口映射到宿主机的 2181 端口。Zookeeper 默认监听 2181 端口，用于 kafka 客户端连接。

kafka

  kafka:
    image: wurstmeister/kafka
    ports:
      - "9092:9092"
    environment:
      KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME: 127.0.0.1
      KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT: zookeeper:2181
    volumes:
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock

• kafka 这是另一个服务，表示Kafka服务器。
• image 使用的是 wurstmeister/kafka 镜像，这是一个预配置的Kafka镜像。
• ports: "9092:9092" 将容器内的9092端口映射到宿主机的9092端口。Kafka默认监听9092端口，用于客户端连接。
• environment 设置环境变量来配置Kafka。
• KAFKA_ADVERTISED_HOST_NAME 告知Kafka如何将自己广告给客户端。在这里设置为127.0.0.1，意味着Kafka将只能从宿主机本地访问。
• KAFKA_ZOOKEEPER_CONNECT 指定Kafka如何连接到Zookeeper。zookeeper:2181 表示使用此Docker Compose配置中定义的zookeeper服务及其2181端口。
• volumes: /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock 将宿主机的Docker套接字文件挂载到容器中。这允许Kafka容器管理其他Docker容器，通常用于动态创建和管理Kafka集群的Broker。

2. 通过 docker 构建容器并对外提供服务

• 选择适合你的需求的安装方法。安装完成后，你就可以开始使用Kafka进行消息队列的开发和测试了。

docker-compose up

MAC 本机 Kafka 启动（使用 默认设置）

• 首先启动 zookeeper

brew services start zookeeper

• 如果是本地安装的 kafka，则直接可以用下列命令启动，默认情况下Kafka会监听在9092端口上。这个默认行为是由Kafka的配置文件决定的，该配置文件通常位于/usr/local/etc/kafka/server.properties（如果你是通过Homebrew安装的Kafka）而我是 M1 芯片的 macbook，我的默认安装地址是 /opt/homebrew/etc/kafka/server.properties

brew services start kafka

• 如果更改了 server.properties 则需要重新运行 kafka 来生效设置

brew services restart kafka

检测 kafka 是否正确启动

方法1: 使用lsof命令

lsof -i :9092

• 这个命令会列出所有监听在9092端口的进程。如果Kafka已经启动并且在此端口上监听，你应该能看到它的进程信息。如果这个命令返回了关于Kafka进程的信息，那么就意味着Kafka已经在9092端口上正确启动了。

方法 2：使用Kafka命令行工具

• 执行以下命令来创建一个新主题：

kafka-topics --create --topic test --partitions 1 --replication-factor 1 --bootstrap-server localhost:9092

• 如果这个命令成功执行并没有报错，那么就意味着Kafka服务已经在监听9092端口并且可以正常工作。 如果出现错误，错误信息可能会提供为何无法连接到Kafka的线索。

我在运行上述内容的时候创建失败，原因是我没有事先启动 zookeeper，错误信息如下：

[2024-03-29 21:54:03,707] WARN [AdminClient clientId=adminclient-1] Connection to node -1 (localhost/127.0.0.1:9092) could not be established. Node may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
[2024-03-29 21:54:03,811] WARN [AdminClient clientId=adminclient-1] Connection to node -1 (localhost/127.0.0.1:9092) could not be established. Node may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
[2024-03-29 21:54:03,913] WARN [AdminClient clientId=adminclient-1] Connection to node -1 (localhost/127.0.0.1:9092) could not be established. Node may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
[2024-03-29 21:54:04,117] WARN [AdminClient clientId=adminclient-1] Connection to node -1 (localhost/127.0.0.1:9092) could not be established. Node may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)
[2024-03-29 21:54:04,522] WARN [AdminClient clientId=adminclient-1] Connection to node -1 (localhost/127.0.0.1:9092) could not be established. Node may not be available. (org.apache.kafka.clients.NetworkClient)

• 然后查看了日志 /opt/homebrew/var/log/kafka/kafka_output.log 内容：

java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.pollConnect(Native Method)
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.pollConnectNow(Net.java:682)
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:973)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocketNIO.doTransport(ClientCnxnSocketNIO.java:344)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn$SendThread.run(ClientCnxn.java:1289)
[2024-03-29 21:26:32,648] INFO Opening socket connection to server localhost/[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]:2181. (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn)
[2024-03-29 21:26:32,650] WARN Session 0x0 for server localhost/[0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1]:2181, Closing socket connection. Attempting reconnect except it is a SessionExpiredException. (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn)
java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.pollConnect(Native Method)
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.Net.pollConnectNow(Net.java:682)
        at java.base/sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.finishConnect(SocketChannelImpl.java:973)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocketNIO.doTransport(ClientCnxnSocketNIO.java:344)
        at org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn$SendThread.run(ClientCnxn.java:1289)
[2024-03-29 21:26:33,220] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Closing. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient)

• 可以看到是没有启动 zookeeper，所以手动启动一下：

brew services start zookeeper

• 再重新启动一下 kafka：

brew services restart kafka

• 然后就可以成功运行了，再次测试创建 topic 就成功了

server.properties 一览

• 这里展示一下整体的 kafka 的 property 文档，让大家可以看清楚一些：

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
# contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

#
# This configuration file is intended for use in ZK-based mode, where Apache ZooKeeper is required.
# See kafka.server.KafkaConfig for additional details and defaults
#

############################# Server Basics #############################

# The id of the broker. This must be set to a unique integer for each broker.
broker.id=0

############################# Socket Server Settings #############################

# The address the socket server listens on. If not configured, the host name will be equal to the value of
# java.net.InetAddress.getCanonicalHostName(), with PLAINTEXT listener name, and port 9092.
#   FORMAT:
#     listeners = listener_name://host_name:port
#   EXAMPLE:
#     listeners = PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092
#listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092

# Listener name, hostname and port the broker will advertise to clients.
# If not set, it uses the value for "listeners".
#advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://your.host.name:9092

# Maps listener names to security protocols, the default is for them to be the same. See the config documentation for more details
#listener.security.protocol.map=PLAINTEXT:PLAINTEXT,SSL:SSL,SASL_PLAINTEXT:SASL_PLAINTEXT,SASL_SSL:SASL_SSL

# The number of threads that the server uses for receiving requests from the network and sending responses to the network
num.network.threads=3

# The number of threads that the server uses for processing requests, which may include disk I/O
num.io.threads=8

# The send buffer (SO_SNDBUF) used by the socket server
socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400

# The receive buffer (SO_RCVBUF) used by the socket server
socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400

# The maximum size of a request that the socket server will accept (protection against OOM)
socket.request.max.bytes=104857600


############################# Log Basics #############################

# A comma separated list of directories under which to store log files
log.dirs=/opt/homebrew/var/lib/kafka-logs

# The default number of log partitions per topic. More partitions allow greater
# parallelism for consumption, but this will also result in more files across
# the brokers.
num.partitions=1

# The number of threads per data directory to be used for log recovery at startup and flushing at shutdown.
# This value is recommended to be increased for installations with data dirs located in RAID array.
num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1

############################# Internal Topic Settings  #############################
# The replication factor for the group metadata internal topics "__consumer_offsets" and "__transaction_state"
# For anything other than development testing, a value greater than 1 is recommended to ensure availability such as 3.
offsets.topic.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.replication.factor=1
transaction.state.log.min.isr=1

############################# Log Flush Policy #############################

# Messages are immediately written to the filesystem but by default we only fsync() to sync
# the OS cache lazily. The following configurations control the flush of data to disk.
# There are a few important trade-offs here:
#    1. Durability: Unflushed data may be lost if you are not using replication.
#    2. Latency: Very large flush intervals may lead to latency spikes when the flush does occur as there will be a lot of data to flush.
#    3. Throughput: The flush is generally the most expensive operation, and a small flush interval may lead to excessive seeks.
# The settings below allow one to configure the flush policy to flush data after a period of time or
# every N messages (or both). This can be done globally and overridden on a per-topic basis.

# The number of messages to accept before forcing a flush of data to disk
#log.flush.interval.messages=10000

# The maximum amount of time a message can sit in a log before we force a flush
#log.flush.interval.ms=1000

############################# Log Retention Policy #############################

# The following configurations control the disposal of log segments. The policy can
# be set to delete segments after a period of time, or after a given size has accumulated.
# A segment will be deleted whenever *either* of these criteria are met. Deletion always happens
# from the end of the log.

# The minimum age of a log file to be eligible for deletion due to age
log.retention.hours=168

# A size-based retention policy for logs. Segments are pruned from the log unless the remaining
# segments drop below log.retention.bytes. Functions independently of log.retention.hours.
#log.retention.bytes=1073741824

# The maximum size of a log segment file. When this size is reached a new log segment will be created.
#log.segment.bytes=1073741824

# The interval at which log segments are checked to see if they can be deleted according
# to the retention policies
log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000

############################# Zookeeper #############################

# Zookeeper connection string (see zookeeper docs for details).
# This is a comma separated host:port pairs, each corresponding to a zk
# server. e.g. "127.0.0.1:3000,127.0.0.1:3001,127.0.0.1:3002".
# You can also append an optional chroot string to the urls to specify the
# root directory for all kafka znodes.
zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181

# Timeout in ms for connecting to zookeeper
zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=18000


############################# Group Coordinator Settings #############################

# The following configuration specifies the time, in milliseconds, that the GroupCoordinator will delay the initial consumer rebalance.
# The rebalance will be further delayed by the value of group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms as new members join the group, up to a maximum of max.poll.interval.ms.
# The default value for this is 3 seconds.
# We override this to 0 here as it makes for a better out-of-the-box experience for development and testing.
# However, in production environments the default value of 3 seconds is more suitable as this will help to avoid unnecessary, and potentially expensive, rebalances during application startup.
group.initial.rebalance.delay.ms=0

• 其中最重要的是下面几个（一般需要改动的）：

  • broker.id，如果你设置了一个运算集群，其中有多个 kafka 的节点，那么每个节点都是一个 broker，而每个 broker 的 id 都不能相同
  • #listeners=PLAINTEXT://:9092 这个一般是注释掉的（当默认只有一个节点的时候就默认使用 9092 端口启动这个 broker）但是如果有多个 broker 的时候，请把这里进行修改，使得每个 broker 的监听端口不同，修改的方式就是去掉注释变成 listeners=PLAINTEXT://:xxxx 其中 xxxx 是你自己想用的端口号
  • log.dirs=/opt/homebrew/var/lib/kafka-logs kafka 会默认将日志文件放到这个位置
  • zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181 这个是连接 zookeeper 的端口，也要配置正确

• 还有更多设置的意义，如果大家想深入了解 kafka，建议去 这个网址 去看视频