ctypes的应用笔记

ctypes

作用：c/c++与python混合编程的中间库
官方文档：https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/ctypes.html#

数据类型参照表：

c-type	c	python
c_bool	_Bool	bool
c_char	char	1-character bytes object
c_wchar	wchar_t	1-character string
c_byte	char	int
c_ubyte	unsigned char	int
c_short	short	int
c_ushort	unsigned short	int
c_int	int	int
c_uint	unsigned int	int
c_long	long	int
c_ulong	unsigned long	int
c_longlong	__int64 or long long	int
c_ulonglong	unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long	int
c_size_t	size_t	int
c_ssize_t	ssize_t or Py_ssize_t	int
c_float	float	float
c_double	double	float
c_longdouble	long double	float
c_char_p	char * (NUL terminated)	bytes object or None
c_wchar_p	wchar_t * (NUL terminated)	string or None
c_void_p	void *	int or None

函数

pass

常见问题

1、错误：OSError: [WinError 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序
因为生成的dll是32位，使用vs生成64位的就行了
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42214953/article/details/105628838
2、交互指针
https://blog.csdn.net/Kelvin_Yan/article/details/86546784
3、调用问题
https://blog.csdn.net/zx520113/article/details/85060765
4、.h文件
https://blog.csdn.net/magic_shuang/article/details/107898487?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-baidujs_title-4&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242
5、__cdecl和__stdcall调用的问题
https://blog.csdn.net/zhangqi_gsts/article/details/50267851

示例

示例1 字符串调用问题

cpp中写如下函数

char * myAdd(int a[10],int b)
{
	for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
		a[i]=a[i]+b;
	}
	return "ok";
}

py中如下调用

test=windll.LoadLibrary('test.dll')
int10=c_int*10
a=int10(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
b=c_int(2)
test.myAdd.restype=POINTER(c_char_p)
test.myAdd.argtypes=[POINTER(int10),c_int]#POINTER定义该类型的指针
d=test.myAdd(a,b)
print(string_at(d,2))#从指定地址开始，返回指定字符长度的字符串
print(type(a))
for i in a:
	print(i)

示例2 结构体 指针问题

Type = c_double
class T(Structure):
	_fields_ = [('x',c_uint16)]
class Test(Structure):
	_fields_ = [('x',c_int),
	('y',POINTER(Type)),#结构体内用指针
	('z',T),#结构体内用结构体
	]
if __name__ == '__main__':

    data = POINTER(Type)(Type(1))#此处必须这样写
    d = c_uint16(1)
    qs_inst = T()
    test = Test(1,data,qs_inst)
    print(test.z.x)
    print(test.y.contents)