Java8新特性stream
概念
Stream是Java8 API的新成员,它允许以声明性方式处理数据集合
特点
(1)代码简洁:函数式编程写出的代码简洁且意图明确,使用stream接口让你从此告别for循环。
(2)多核友好:Java函数式编程使得编写并行程序从未如此简单,你需要的全部就是调用一下方法。
流程
1)第一步:把集合转换为流stream
2)第二步:操作stream流stream流在管道中经过中间操作(intermediate operation)的处理,最后由最终操作(terminal operation)得到前面处理的结果
操作符
两种:中间操作符、终止操作符
filter | 用于通过设置的条件过滤出元素 List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc","efg", "abcd","", "jkl");
List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList()); |
distinct | 返回一个元素各异(根据流所生成元素的hashCode和equals方法实现)的流。 | List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4);
numbers.stream().filter(i -> i % 2 == 0).distinct().forEach(System.out::println); |
limit | 会返回一个不超过给定长度的流。 | List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
List<String> limited = strings.stream().limit(3).collect(Collectors.toList()); |
| skip | 返回一个扔掉了前n个元素的流。 | List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
List<String> skiped = strings.stream().skip(3).collect(Collectors.toList());
| map | 接受一个函数作为参数。这个函数会被应用到每个元素上,并将其映射成一个新的元素(使用映射一词,是因为它和转换类似,但其中的细微差别在于它是“创建一个新版本”而不是去“修改”)。 | List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
List<String> mapped = strings.stream().map(str->str+"-itcast").collect(Collectors.toList()); |
| flatMap | 使用flatMap方法的效果是,各个数组并不是分别映射成一个流,而是映射成流的内容。所有使用map(Arrays::stream)时生成的单个流都被合并起来,即扁平化为一个流。 | List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abc", "bc", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
Stream<Character> flatMap = strings.stream().flatMap(Java8StreamTest::getCharacterByString); |
| sorted | 返回排序后的流 | List<String> strings1 = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
List<String> sorted1 = strings1.stream().sorted().collect(Collectors.toList()); |
Map、flatMap区别
map:对流中每一个元素进行处理
flatMap:流扁平化,让你把一个流中的“每个值”都换成另一个流,然后把所有的流连接起来成为一个流
总结:map是对一级元素进行操作,flatmap是对二级元素操作。
本质区别
:map返回一个值;flatmap返回一个流,多个值。
应用场景
:map对集合中每个元素加工,返回加工后结果;flatmap对集合中每个元素加工后,做扁平化处理后(拆分层级,放到同一层)然后返回
终止操作符
1)anyMatch
java
> /**
> * 功能描述 : 判断集合中是否至少存在一个元素满足条件
> * @return : void
> */
>@Test
public void anyMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
boolean b = strings.stream().anyMatch(s -> s == "abc");
out.println(b);
}
2)allMatch
> ```java
> /**
> * 功能描述 : 判断集合中是否所有元素都满足条件
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void allMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
boolean b = strings.stream().allMatch(s -> s == "abc");
out.println(b);
}
3)noneMatch
/**
> * 功能描述 : 判断集合中是否所有元素都不满足条件
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void noneMatch(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
boolean b = strings.stream().noneMatch(s -> s == "abc");
out.println(b);
}
4)findAny
java
> /**
> * 功能描述 : 返回当前流中任意元素
> * @return : void
> */
> @Test
public void findAny(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
Optional<String> any = strings.stream().findAny();
if(any.isPresent()) out.println(any.get());
}
5)findFirst
java
> /**
> * 功能描述 : 返回当前流中第一个元素
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void findFirst(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
Optional<String> first = strings.stream().findFirst();
if(first.isPresent()) out.println(first.get());
}
6)forEach java
/**
> * 功能描述 : 遍历流
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void foreach(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
strings.stream().forEach(s -> out.println(s));
}
7)collect
/**
> * 功能描述 : 流转换为其他形式
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void collect(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
Set<String> set = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
List<String> list = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toList());
Map<String, String> map = strings.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(v -v.concat("_name"), v1 -> v1, (v1, v2) -> v1));
out.println(set);
out.println(list);
out.println(map);
}
8)reduce
@Test
public void reduce(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
//reduce方法一
Optional<String> reduce1 = strings.stream().reduce((acc,item) -> {return acc+item;});
//reduce方法二
String reduce2 = strings.stream().reduce("itcast", (acc, item) -> {
return acc + item;
});
//reduce方法三
ArrayList<String> reduce3 = strings.stream().reduce(
new ArrayList<String>(),
new BiFunction<ArrayList<String>, String, ArrayList<String>>() {
@Override
public ArrayList<String> apply(ArrayList<String> acc, String item) {
acc.add(item);
return acc;
}
},
new BinaryOperator<ArrayList<String>>() {
@Override
public ArrayList<String> apply(ArrayList<String> acc, ArrayList<String> item) {
return acc;
}
}
);
if(reduce1.isPresent())out.println(reduce1.get());
out.println(reduce2);
out.println(reduce3);
}
9)count
java
> /**
> * 功能描述 : 返回流中元素总数
> * @return : void
> */
@Test
public void count(){
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("cv", "abd", "aba", "efg", "abcd","jkl", "jkl");
long count = strings.stream().count();
out.println(count);
}