splice和slice用法

splice(下标，个数)是操作数组的方法，返回被删除的元素，操作后原数组会被改变

splice()只有1个参数时：

let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
let arr1 = arr.splice(3)
//包含该下标元素，删除后面所有的
console.log(arr)  //[1, 2, 3]
console.log(arr1)  //[4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

splice()有2个参数时：

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.splice(1,3)
 //(起始下标1，删除3个)
 console.log(arr)  //[1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  //[2, 3, 4]

splice()有3个参数或多个时：
第3个及后面的参数都视为插入的元素

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.splice(1,5,20)
  //(起始下标1，删除5个，20插入到起始下标的位置)
 console.log(arr)  //[1, 20, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  //[2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

参数为负数：
如果第1个参数为负数，从右到左开始删除：

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.splice(-2)
 console.log(arr)  //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
 console.log(arr1)  //[8, 9]

如果第2个参数为负数，视为0：

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.splice(-2,-4)
 console.log(arr)  //[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
 console.log(arr1)  //[]

slice(起始下标，结束下标)可以操作数组和字符串，不改变原数组或字符串，返回被截取的元素

slice()操作数组时：
slice()只有1个参数时：

let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
let arr1 = arr.slice(3)
//包含该下标元素，删除后面所有的
console.log(arr)  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
console.log(arr1)  // [4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

slice()有2个参数时：

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.slice(3,6)
 //（包含的起始下标，不包含的结束下标）
 console.log(arr)  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  // [4, 5, 6]

第3个或多个参数无效

参数为负数：

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.slice(3,-2)
 //(从左开始截取下标，负数从右开始截取下标)
 console.log(arr)  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  // [4, 5, 6, 7]

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.slice(-4,-2)
 //(负数从右开始截取下标，负数从右开始截取下标)
 console.log(arr)  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  // [6, 7]

如果第二个负数参数的位置超过第一个参数的位置，则返回 [ ]

 let arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
 let arr1 = arr.slice(3,-6)
 console.log(arr)  // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
 console.log(arr1)  // []

slice()操作字符串时，参数情况和返回结果跟数组是一样的

 let arr = 'abcdefghijklmn'
 let arr1 = arr.slice(2,4)
 console.log(arr)  // abcdefghijklmn
 console.log(arr1)  // cd