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题目

二叉树的相关概念及其实现判断
如何判断一颗二叉树是否是搜索二叉树?
如何判断一颗二叉树是完全二叉树?
如何判断一颗二叉树是否是满二叉树?
如何判断一颗二叉树是否是平衡二叉树?(二叉树题目套路)

package class05;

import java.util.Stack;

public class Code01_PreInPosTraversal {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static void preOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
		preOrderRecur(head.left);
		preOrderRecur(head.right);
	}

	public static void inOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		inOrderRecur(head.left);
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
		inOrderRecur(head.right);
	}

	public static void posOrderRecur(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		posOrderRecur(head.left);
		posOrderRecur(head.right);
		System.out.print(head.value + " ");
	}

	public static void preOrderUnRecur(Node head) {
		System.out.print("pre-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			stack.add(head);
			while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
				head = stack.pop();
				System.out.print(head.value + " ");
				if (head.right != null) {
					stack.push(head.right);
				}
				if (head.left != null) {
					stack.push(head.left);
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void inOrderUnRecur(Node head) {
		System.out.print("in-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			while (!stack.isEmpty() || head != null) {
				if (head != null) {
					stack.push(head);
					head = head.left;
				} else {
					head = stack.pop();
					System.out.print(head.value + " ");
					head = head.right;
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void posOrderUnRecur1(Node head) {
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		if (head != null) {
			Stack<Node> s1 = new Stack<Node>();
			Stack<Node> s2 = new Stack<Node>();
			s1.push(head);
			while (!s1.isEmpty()) {
				head = s1.pop();
				s2.push(head);
				if (head.left != null) {
					s1.push(head.left);
				}
				if (head.right != null) {
					s1.push(head.right);
				}
			}
			while (!s2.isEmpty()) {
				System.out.print(s2.pop().value + " ");
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void posOrderUnRecur2(Node h) {
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		if (h != null) {
			Stack<Node> stack = new Stack<Node>();
			stack.push(h);
			Node c = null;
			while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
				c = stack.peek();
				if (c.left != null && h != c.left && h != c.right) {
					stack.push(c.left);
				} else if (c.right != null && h != c.right) {
					stack.push(c.right);
				} else {
					System.out.print(stack.pop().value + " ");
					h = c;
				}
			}
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(5);
		head.left = new Node(3);
		head.right = new Node(8);
		head.left.left = new Node(2);
		head.left.right = new Node(4);
		head.left.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.right.left = new Node(7);
		head.right.left.left = new Node(6);
		head.right.right = new Node(10);
		head.right.right.left = new Node(9);
		head.right.right.right = new Node(11);

		// recursive
		System.out.println("==============recursive==============");
		System.out.print("pre-order: ");
		preOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("in-order: ");
		inOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.print("pos-order: ");
		posOrderRecur(head);
		System.out.println();

		// unrecursive
		System.out.println("============unrecursive=============");
		preOrderUnRecur(head);
		inOrderUnRecur(head);
		posOrderUnRecur1(head);
		posOrderUnRecur2(head);

	}

}

package class05;

public class Code02_PrintBinaryTree {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static void printTree(Node head) {
		System.out.println("Binary Tree:");
		printInOrder(head, 0, "H", 17);
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void printInOrder(Node head, int height, String to, int len) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		printInOrder(head.right, height + 1, "v", len);
		String val = to + head.value + to;
		int lenM = val.length();
		int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;
		int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;
		val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);
		System.out.println(getSpace(height * len) + val);
		printInOrder(head.left, height + 1, "^", len);
	}

	public static String getSpace(int num) {
		String space = " ";
		StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			buf.append(space);
		}
		return buf.toString();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(1);
		head.left = new Node(-222222222);
		head.right = new Node(3);
		head.left.left = new Node(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
		head.right.left = new Node(55555555);
		head.right.right = new Node(66);
		head.left.left.right = new Node(777);
		printTree(head);

		head = new Node(1);
		head.left = new Node(2);
		head.right = new Node(3);
		head.left.left = new Node(4);
		head.right.left = new Node(5);
		head.right.right = new Node(6);
		head.left.left.right = new Node(7);
		printTree(head);

		head = new Node(1);
		head.left = new Node(1);
		head.right = new Node(1);
		head.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.right.left = new Node(1);
		head.right.right = new Node(1);
		head.left.left.right = new Node(1);
		printTree(head);

	}

}

package class05;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Code03_TreeMaxWidth {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static int getMaxWidth(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return 0;
		}
		int maxWidth = 0;
		int curWidth = 0;
		int curLevel = 0;
		HashMap<Node, Integer> levelMap = new HashMap<>();
		levelMap.put(head, 1);
		LinkedList<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
		queue.add(head);
		Node node = null;
		Node left = null;
		Node right = null;
		while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
			node = queue.poll();
			left = node.left;
			right = node.right;
			if (left != null) {
				levelMap.put(left, levelMap.get(node) + 1);
				queue.add(left);
			}
			if (right != null) {
				levelMap.put(right, levelMap.get(node) + 1);
				queue.add(right);
			}
			if (levelMap.get(node) > curLevel) {
				curWidth = 0;
				curLevel = levelMap.get(node);
			} else {
				curWidth++;
			}
			maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, curWidth);
		}
		return maxWidth;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub

	}

}

package class05;

import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Code04_IsBST {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static boolean isBST(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return true;
		}
		LinkedList<Node> inOrderList = new LinkedList<>();
		process(head, inOrderList);
		int pre = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
		for (Node cur : inOrderList) {
			if (pre >= cur.value) {
				return false;
			}
			pre = cur.value;
		}
		return true;
	}

	public static void process(Node node, LinkedList<Node> inOrderList) {
		if (node == null) {
			return;
		}
		process(node.left, inOrderList);
		inOrderList.add(node);
		process(node.right, inOrderList);
	}

}

package class05;

import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Code05_IsCBT {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static boolean isCBT(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return true;
		}
		LinkedList<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();
		boolean leaf = false;
		Node l = null;
		Node r = null;
		queue.add(head);
		while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
			head = queue.poll();
			l = head.left;
			r = head.right;
			if ((leaf && (l != null || r != null)) || (l == null && r != null)) {
				return false;
			}
			if (l != null) {
				queue.add(l);
			}
			if (r != null) {
				queue.add(r);
			} else {
				leaf = true;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

}

package class05;

public class Code06_IsBalancedTree {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static boolean isBalanced(Node head) {
		return process(head).isBalanced;
	}

	public static class ReturnType {
		public boolean isBalanced;
		public int height;

		public ReturnType(boolean isB, int hei) {
			isBalanced = isB;
			height = hei;
		}
	}

	public static ReturnType process(Node x) {
		if (x == null) {
			return new ReturnType(true, 0);
		}
		ReturnType leftData = process(x.left);
		ReturnType rightData = process(x.right);
		int height = Math.max(leftData.height, rightData.height);
		boolean isBalanced = leftData.isBalanced && rightData.isBalanced
				&& Math.abs(leftData.height - rightData.height) < 2;
		return new ReturnType(isBalanced, height);
	}

}

package class05;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class Code07_LowestCommonAncestor {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static Node lowestAncestor(Node head, Node o1, Node o2) {
		if (head == null || head == o1 || head == o2) {
			return head;
		}
		Node left = lowestAncestor(head.left, o1, o2);
		Node right = lowestAncestor(head.right, o1, o2);
		if (left != null && right != null) {
			return head;
		}
		return left != null ? left : right;
	}

	// ��������--����һ
	public static class Record1 {
		private HashMap<Node, Node> map;

		public Record1(Node head) {
			map = new HashMap<Node, Node>();
			if (head != null) {
				map.put(head, null);
			}
			setMap(head);
		}

		private void setMap(Node head) {
			if (head == null) {
				return;
			}
			if (head.left != null) {
				map.put(head.left, head);
			}
			if (head.right != null) {
				map.put(head.right, head);
			}
			setMap(head.left);
			setMap(head.right);
		}

		public Node query(Node o1, Node o2) {
			HashSet<Node> path = new HashSet<Node>();
			while (map.containsKey(o1)) {
				path.add(o1);
				o1 = map.get(o1);
			}
			while (!path.contains(o2)) {
				o2 = map.get(o2);
			}
			return o2;
		}

	}

	// ��������--������
	public static class Record2 {
		private HashMap<Node, HashMap<Node, Node>> map;

		public Record2(Node head) {
			map = new HashMap<Node, HashMap<Node, Node>>();
			initMap(head);
			setMap(head);
		}

		private void initMap(Node head) {
			if (head == null) {
				return;
			}
			map.put(head, new HashMap<Node, Node>());
			initMap(head.left);
			initMap(head.right);
		}

		private void setMap(Node head) {
			if (head == null) {
				return;
			}
			headRecord(head.left, head);
			headRecord(head.right, head);
			subRecord(head);
			setMap(head.left);
			setMap(head.right);
		}

		private void headRecord(Node n, Node h) {
			if (n == null) {
				return;
			}
			map.get(n).put(h, h);
			headRecord(n.left, h);
			headRecord(n.right, h);
		}

		private void subRecord(Node head) {
			if (head == null) {
				return;
			}
			preLeft(head.left, head.right, head);
			subRecord(head.left);
			subRecord(head.right);
		}

		private void preLeft(Node l, Node r, Node h) {
			if (l == null) {
				return;
			}
			preRight(l, r, h);
			preLeft(l.left, r, h);
			preLeft(l.right, r, h);
		}

		private void preRight(Node l, Node r, Node h) {
			if (r == null) {
				return;
			}
			map.get(l).put(r, h);
			preRight(l, r.left, h);
			preRight(l, r.right, h);
		}

		public Node query(Node o1, Node o2) {
			if (o1 == o2) {
				return o1;
			}
			if (map.containsKey(o1)) {
				return map.get(o1).get(o2);
			}
			if (map.containsKey(o2)) {
				return map.get(o2).get(o1);
			}
			return null;
		}

	}

	// for test -- print tree
	public static void printTree(Node head) {
		System.out.println("Binary Tree:");
		printInOrder(head, 0, "H", 17);
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void printInOrder(Node head, int height, String to, int len) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		printInOrder(head.right, height + 1, "v", len);
		String val = to + head.value + to;
		int lenM = val.length();
		int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;
		int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;
		val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);
		System.out.println(getSpace(height * len) + val);
		printInOrder(head.left, height + 1, "^", len);
	}

	public static String getSpace(int num) {
		String space = " ";
		StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			buf.append(space);
		}
		return buf.toString();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(1);
		head.left = new Node(2);
		head.right = new Node(3);
		head.left.left = new Node(4);
		head.left.right = new Node(5);
		head.right.left = new Node(6);
		head.right.right = new Node(7);
		head.right.right.left = new Node(8);
		printTree(head);
		System.out.println("===============");

		Node o1 = head.left.right;
		Node o2 = head.right.left;

		System.out.println("o1 : " + o1.value);
		System.out.println("o2 : " + o2.value);
		System.out.println("ancestor : " + lowestAncestor(head, o1, o2).value);
		System.out.println("===============");

	}

}

package class05;

public class Code08_SuccessorNode {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;
		public Node parent;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static Node getSuccessorNode(Node node) {
		if (node == null) {
			return node;
		}
		if (node.right != null) {
			return getLeftMost(node.right);
		} else {
			Node parent = node.parent;
			while (parent != null && parent.left != node) {
				node = parent;
				parent = node.parent;
			}
			return parent;
		}
	}

	public static Node getLeftMost(Node node) {
		if (node == null) {
			return node;
		}
		while (node.left != null) {
			node = node.left;
		}
		return node;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(6);
		head.parent = null;
		head.left = new Node(3);
		head.left.parent = head;
		head.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.left.left.parent = head.left;
		head.left.left.right = new Node(2);
		head.left.left.right.parent = head.left.left;
		head.left.right = new Node(4);
		head.left.right.parent = head.left;
		head.left.right.right = new Node(5);
		head.left.right.right.parent = head.left.right;
		head.right = new Node(9);
		head.right.parent = head;
		head.right.left = new Node(8);
		head.right.left.parent = head.right;
		head.right.left.left = new Node(7);
		head.right.left.left.parent = head.right.left;
		head.right.right = new Node(10);
		head.right.right.parent = head.right;

		Node test = head.left.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.left.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.left.right.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.left.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.left;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right;
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test).value);
		test = head.right.right; // 10's next is null
		System.out.println(test.value + " next: " + getSuccessorNode(test));
	}

}

package class05;

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class Code09_SerializeAndReconstructTree {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static String serialByPre(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return "#!";
		}
		String res = head.value + "!";
		res += serialByPre(head.left);
		res += serialByPre(head.right);
		return res;
	}

	public static Node reconByPreString(String preStr) {
		String[] values = preStr.split("!");
		Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<String>();
		for (int i = 0; i != values.length; i++) {
			queue.offer(values[i]);
		}
		return reconPreOrder(queue);
	}

	public static Node reconPreOrder(Queue<String> queue) {
		String value = queue.poll();
		if (value.equals("#")) {
			return null;
		}
		Node head = new Node(Integer.valueOf(value));
		head.left = reconPreOrder(queue);
		head.right = reconPreOrder(queue);
		return head;
	}

	public static String serialByLevel(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return "#!";
		}
		String res = head.value + "!";
		Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<Node>();
		queue.offer(head);
		while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
			head = queue.poll();
			if (head.left != null) {
				res += head.left.value + "!";
				queue.offer(head.left);
			} else {
				res += "#!";
			}
			if (head.right != null) {
				res += head.right.value + "!";
				queue.offer(head.right);
			} else {
				res += "#!";
			}
		}
		return res;
	}

	public static Node reconByLevelString(String levelStr) {
		String[] values = levelStr.split("!");
		int index = 0;
		Node head = generateNodeByString(values[index++]);
		Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<Node>();
		if (head != null) {
			queue.offer(head);
		}
		Node node = null;
		while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
			node = queue.poll();
			node.left = generateNodeByString(values[index++]);
			node.right = generateNodeByString(values[index++]);
			if (node.left != null) {
				queue.offer(node.left);
			}
			if (node.right != null) {
				queue.offer(node.right);
			}
		}
		return head;
	}

	public static Node generateNodeByString(String val) {
		if (val.equals("#")) {
			return null;
		}
		return new Node(Integer.valueOf(val));
	}

	// for test -- print tree
	public static void printTree(Node head) {
		System.out.println("Binary Tree:");
		printInOrder(head, 0, "H", 17);
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void printInOrder(Node head, int height, String to, int len) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		printInOrder(head.right, height + 1, "v", len);
		String val = to + head.value + to;
		int lenM = val.length();
		int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;
		int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;
		val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);
		System.out.println(getSpace(height * len) + val);
		printInOrder(head.left, height + 1, "^", len);
	}

	public static String getSpace(int num) {
		String space = " ";
		StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			buf.append(space);
		}
		return buf.toString();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = null;
		printTree(head);

		String pre = serialByPre(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by pre-order: " + pre);
		head = reconByPreString(pre);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by pre-order, ");
		printTree(head);

		String level = serialByLevel(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by level: " + level);
		head = reconByLevelString(level);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by level, ");
		printTree(head);

		System.out.println("====================================");

		head = new Node(1);
		printTree(head);

		pre = serialByPre(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by pre-order: " + pre);
		head = reconByPreString(pre);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by pre-order, ");
		printTree(head);

		level = serialByLevel(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by level: " + level);
		head = reconByLevelString(level);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by level, ");
		printTree(head);

		System.out.println("====================================");

		head = new Node(1);
		head.left = new Node(2);
		head.right = new Node(3);
		head.left.left = new Node(4);
		head.right.right = new Node(5);
		printTree(head);

		pre = serialByPre(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by pre-order: " + pre);
		head = reconByPreString(pre);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by pre-order, ");
		printTree(head);

		level = serialByLevel(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by level: " + level);
		head = reconByLevelString(level);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by level, ");
		printTree(head);

		System.out.println("====================================");

		head = new Node(100);
		head.left = new Node(21);
		head.left.left = new Node(37);
		head.right = new Node(-42);
		head.right.left = new Node(0);
		head.right.right = new Node(666);
		printTree(head);

		pre = serialByPre(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by pre-order: " + pre);
		head = reconByPreString(pre);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by pre-order, ");
		printTree(head);

		level = serialByLevel(head);
		System.out.println("serialize tree by level: " + level);
		head = reconByLevelString(level);
		System.out.print("reconstruct tree by level, ");
		printTree(head);

		System.out.println("====================================");

	}
}

package class05;

public class Code10_PaperFolding {

	public static void printAllFolds(int N) {
		printProcess(1, N, true);
	}

	public static void printProcess(int i, int N, boolean down) {
		if (i > N) {
			return;
		}
		printProcess(i + 1, N, true);
		System.out.println(down ? "down " : "up ");
		printProcess(i + 1, N, false);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		int N = 1;
		printAllFolds(N);
	}
}

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