C语言数据结构(3)——带哨兵结点的循环双向链表

1.基本数据类型

typedef int LTDatatype;

typedef struct LTNode
{
	LTDatatype data;
	struct LTNode* pre;
	struct LTNode* next;
}LTNode;

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2.新建结点

开辟一个结点空间并返回

LTNode* BuyNewNode()
{
	LTNode* newnode = (LTNode*)malloc(sizeof(LTNode));
	return newnode;
}

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3.初始化链表

制造哨兵结点

LTNode* ListInit()
{
	LTNode* phead = BuyNewNode();
	assert(phead);
	phead->next = phead;
	phead->pre = phead;
	return phead;
}

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4.打印链表

void ListPrint(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead )
	{
		printf("%d->", cur->data);
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	printf("plist\n");
}

注意这里循环的条件，cur！=哨兵结点

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5.尾插结点

void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(phead);
	
	LTNode* newnode = BuyNewNode();
	assert(newnode);
	newnode->data = x;

	LTNode* tail = phead->pre;
	tail->next = newnode;
	newnode->pre = tail;
	newnode->next = phead;
	phead->pre = newnode;
}

---

6.头插结点

void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(phead);

	LTNode* newnode = BuyNewNode();
	assert(newnode);
	newnode->data = x;
	
	LTNode* post = phead->next;

	newnode->pre = phead;
	newnode->next = post;
	phead->next = newnode;
	post->pre = newnode;

}

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7.尾删结点

删除结点时，注意哨兵结点的保留

void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(phead->pre != phead);

	LTNode* tail = phead->pre;//找到尾结点
	LTNode* pretail = tail->pre;//尾结点的前一个结点
	pretail->next = phead;
	phead->pre = pretail;
	free(tail);
}

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8.头删结点

仍然注意哨兵结点的保留

void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(phead->next!=phead);

	LTNode* post = phead->next;
	LTNode* postPost = phead->next->next;

	phead->next = postPost;
	postPost->pre = phead;
	free(post);

}

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9.寻找链表结点，返回地址

遍历链表，满足条件，返回地址

LTNode* ListFind(LTNode* phead, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(phead);
	LTNode* cur = phead->next;
	while (cur != phead)
	{
		if (cur->data == x)
		{
			return cur;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	return NULL;
}

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10.链表插入结点

已知链表某结点地址，在其前插入结点

void ListInsert(LTNode* pos, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(pos);

	LTNode* newnode = BuyNewNode();
	assert(newnode);
	newnode->data = x;

	LTNode* prepos = pos->pre;
	//在prepos和pos之间插入x
	prepos->next = newnode;
	newnode->pre = prepos;
	newnode->next = pos;
	pos->pre = newnode;
}

由此可以将此函数复用于尾插和头插函数中
尾插复用：

void ListPushBack(LTNode* phead, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(phead);

	//插入函数在尾插中的复用
	ListInsert(phead, x);
}

头插复用：

void ListPushFront(LTNode* phead, LTDatatype x)
{
	assert(phead);

	//插入函数在头插中的复用
	ListInsert(phead->next,x);
}

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11.链表删除结点

void ListErase(LTNode* pos)
{
	assert(pos);
	LTNode* prepos = pos->pre;
	LTNode* postpos = pos->next;
	prepos->next = postpos;
	postpos->pre = prepos;
	free(pos);
}

由此可以将此函数复用于尾删和头删函数中
尾删复用：

void ListPopBack(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(phead->pre != phead);

	//删除函数在尾删中的复用
	ListErase(phead->pre);
}

头删复用：

void ListPopFront(LTNode* phead)
{
	assert(phead);
	assert(phead->next!=phead);

	//删除函数在头删中的复用
	ListErase(phead->next);
}

12.代码演示

void test();

int main()
{
	test1();
	return 0;
}

void test1()
{
	LTNode* plist = NULL;
	//初始化
	plist=ListInit();
	//尾插
	printf("尾插1 2 3 4 \n");
	ListPushBack(plist, 1);
	ListPushBack(plist, 2);
	ListPushBack(plist, 3);
	ListPushBack(plist, 4);
	ListPrint(plist);
	//尾删
	printf("尾删\n");
	ListPopBack(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);
	//头插
	printf("头插1 2 3 4 \n");
	ListPushFront(plist, 1);
	ListPushFront(plist, 2);
	ListPushFront(plist, 3);
	ListPushFront(plist, 4);
	ListPrint(plist);
	//头删
	printf("头删\n");
	ListPopFront(plist);
	ListPrint(plist);
	//查找
	printf("查找2的位置\n");
	LTNode* pos=ListFind(plist,2);
	printf("2的位置在pos=%p\n", pos);

	//插入
	printf("在2之前插入6\n");
	ListInsert( pos, 6);
	ListPrint(plist);

}

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