openCV学习笔记十七：摄像头中运动物体检测

我们知道视频都是由一帧一帧图像构成的，利用帧差法，相邻两三帧图像像素之间的差异性判断是否有运动目标。
基本步骤
相邻帧相减------阈值处理------去除噪声（腐蚀滤波）------膨胀连通------查找轮廓------外接矩形

// A code block
var foo = 'bar';

帧差法代码如下：

#include <cv.h>
#include <highgui.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{  
 VideoCapture video(0);//定义VideoCapture类video 
 Mat frame;//存储帧 
 Mat temp;//存储前一帧图像 
 Mat result;//存储结果图像 
 video >> temp;//读帧进frame  
 while (1)
 {
 video >> frame;//读帧进frame  
  imshow("frame", frame);
  result = MoveDetect(temp, frame);//调用MoveDetect()进行运动物体检测，返回值存入result   
    imshow("result", result);
    waitKey(50);
    temp = frame.clone();
 }
 return 0; 
}
Mat MoveDetect(Mat temp, Mat frame)
{ 
Mat result = frame.clone(); //1.将background和frame转为灰度图 
Mat gray1, gray2; 
cvtColor(temp, gray1, CV_BGR2GRAY);
cvtColor(frame, gray2, CV_BGR2GRAY); 
//2.将background和frame做差 
Mat diff; 
absdiff(gray1, gray2, diff); 
imshow("diff", diff);
//3.对差值图diff_thresh进行阈值化处理 
Mat diff_thresh; 
threshold(diff, diff_thresh, 50, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY); 
imshow("diff_thresh", diff_thresh); 
//4.腐蚀
Mat kernel_erode = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3, 3)); 
Mat kernel_dilate = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(18, 18)); 
erode(diff_thresh, diff_thresh, kernel_erode); 
imshow("erode", diff_thresh); 
//5.膨胀
dilate(diff_thresh, diff_thresh, kernel_dilate); 
imshow("dilate", diff_thresh); 
//6.查找轮廓并绘制轮廓 
vector<vector<Point>> contours; 
findContours(diff_thresh, contours, CV_RETR_EXTERNAL, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_NONE);
drawContours(result, contours, -1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2);//在result上绘制轮廓 
//7.查找正外接矩形 
vector<Rect> boundRect(contours.size()); 
for (int i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++) 
{  
boundRect[i] = boundingRect(contours[i]);  
 rectangle(result, boundRect[i], Scalar(0, 255, 0), 2);
 //在result上绘制正外接矩形 
} 
 return result;//返回result
 }

运行结果如下: