Linux命令解释之ls

ls --help
用法：ls [选项]… [文件]…
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).
Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all 不隐藏任何以. 开始的项目
-A, --almost-all 列出除. 及… 以外的任何项目
–author 与-l 同时使用时列出每个文件的作者
-b, --escape 以八进制溢出序列表示不可打印的字符
–block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,
‘–block-size=M’ prints sizes in units of
1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below
-B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~
-c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last
modification of file status information);
with -l: show ctime and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first
-C list entries by columns
–color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be ‘never’, ‘auto’,
or ‘always’ (the default); more info below
-d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents
-D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs’ dired mode
-f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color
-F, --classify append indicator (one of /=>@|) to entries
–file-type likewise, except do not append '’
–format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,
single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C
–full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso
-g 类似-l，但不列出所有者
–group-directories-first
group directories before files;
can be augmented with a --sort option, but any
use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping
-G, --no-group 以一个长列表的形式，不输出组名
-h, --human-readable 与-l 一起，以易于阅读的格式输出文件大小
(例如 1K 234M 2G)
–si 同上面类似，但是使用1000 为基底而非1024
-H, --dereference-command-line
follow symbolic links listed on the command line
–dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
follow each command line symbolic link
that points to a directory
–hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
(overridden by -a or -A)
–indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:
none (default), slash (-p),
file-type (–file-type), classify (-F)
-i, --inode print the index number of each file
-I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN
-k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage
-l 使用较长格式列出信息
-L, --dereference 当显示符号链接的文件信息时，显示符号链接所指示
的对象而并非符号链接本身的信息
-m 所有项目以逗号分隔，并填满整行行宽
-n, --numeric-uid-gid 类似 -l，但列出UID 及GID 号
-N, --literal 输出未经处理的项目名称 (如不特别处理控制字符)
-o 类似 -l，但不列出有关组的信息
-p, --indicator-style=slash 对目录加上表示符号"/"
-q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters
–show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,
unless program is ‘ls’ and output is a terminal)
-Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes
–quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:
literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape
-r, --reverse 逆序排列
-R, --recursive 递归显示子目录
-s, --size 以块数形式显示每个文件分配的尺寸
-S sort by file size
–sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),
time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)
–time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default
modification time: atime or access or use (-u)
ctime or status (-c); also use specified time
as sort key if --sort=time
–time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:
full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;
FORMAT is interpreted like in ‘date’; if FORMAT
is FORMAT1FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies
to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;
if STYLE is prefixed with ‘posix-’, STYLE
takes effect only outside the POSIX locale
-t sort by modification time, newest first
-T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8
-u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;
with -l: show access time and sort by name;
otherwise: sort by access time
-U do not sort; list entries in directory order
-v natural sort of (version) numbers within text
-w, --width=COLS assume screen width instead of current value
-x list entries by lines instead of by columns
-X sort alphabetically by entry extension
-1 list one file per line

SELinux options:

–lcontext Display security context. Enable -l. Lines
will probably be too wide for most displays.
-Z, --context Display security context so it fits on most
displays. Displays only mode, user, group,
security context and file name.
–scontext Display only security context and file name.
–help 显示此帮助信息并退出
–version 显示版本信息并退出

SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 1010241024). Units
are K, M, G, T, P, E, Z, Y (powers of 1024) or KB, MB, … (powers of 1000).

使用色彩来区分文件类型的功能已被禁用，默认设置和 --color=never 同时禁用了它。
使用 --color=auto 选项，ls 只在标准输出被连至终端时才生成颜色代码。
LS_COLORS 环境变量可改变此设置，可使用 dircolors 命令来设置。

退出状态：
0 正常
1 一般问题 (例如：无法访问子文件夹)
2 严重问题 (例如：无法使用命令行参数)

GNU coreutils online help: http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/
请向http://translationproject.org/team/zh_CN.html 报告ls 的翻译错误
要获取完整文档，请运行：info coreutils ‘ls invocation’