centos7 安装2个mysql服务端---dev/test/prd

3306安装

1、新建用户、设置密码
adduser mysql

passwd mysql
mysql
mysql

2、下载 mysql 安装包、上传linux服务器
https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

3、解压文件
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.33-el7-x86_64.tar.gz

4、文件夹、文件授权
chown -R mysql:mysql /dev_env/mysql/mysql_01 /dev_env/mysql/mysql_02

5、初始化安装及启动服务

cd /dev_env/mysql/mysql_01

6、启动、初始化安装
–defaults-file表示指定初始化的配置文件
–console表示将初始化信息打印在控制台

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/dev_env/mysql/mysql_01/my.cnf --initialize --console --user=mysql

7、报错了，缺少依赖文件
./bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

yum install libaio*

8、再次初始化安装
./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/dev_env/mysql/mysql_01/my.cnf --initialize --console --user=mysql
报错

mysqld: Can’t create/write to file
‘/dev_env/mysql/mysql_01/data/is_writable’ (Errcode: 13 - Permission
denied) 2021-03-07T11:37:14.088890Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits:
max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2021-03-07T11:37:14.089031Z 0
[Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
2021-03-07T11:37:14.089261Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit
DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use
–explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2021-03-07T11:37:14.093672Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize
specified but the data directory exists and is not writable. Aborting.
2021-03-07T11:37:14.093693Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

vi /etc/security/limits.conf ,最后面增加两行

解释：修改l inux 打开文件个数限制

* hard nofile 65535
* soft nofile 65535

重启服务器，ok

切换 root用户 cd /dev_env/mysql/mysql_01

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/dev_env/mysql/mysql_01/my.cnf
–initialize --console --user=mysql

启动服务

cd /dev_env/mysql/mysql_01
./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=./my.cnf &

解释 后台启动当前mysql_01的mysql服务，还是需要去指定配置文件，因为在配置文件中我们设置了一个socket参数，
只有按照这个配置文件去启动，才会按照socket配置的路径去生成，否则会自动生成在/tmp/mysql.sock，
如果mysql_02也是这么生成，则会形成覆盖，在连接时造成只能连接一个服务，甚至报错。

emMw,p9WZ(s(

#使用命令查看mysql服务是否启动，如下图
netstat -nultp|grep 3306

连接数据库与修改密码

./bin/mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p
# 输入初始密码

./bin/mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p
Enter
密码：emMw,p9WZ(s(

修改MySQL登录密码,这儿我的修改为 root，注意末尾的结束符分号

alter user root@localhost identified by "root";

授权远程登录

grant all privileges on *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;

3306登录

cd /dev_env/mysql/mysql_01
./bin/mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p

3307安装

#安装路径，测试环境
/test_env/soft/mysql

1、创建配置文件my.cnf，直接使用vim编辑，保存后即可。其中###表示为必须项，#表示为可选项
vim my.cnf

my.cnf

[mysqld]  
### 端口号
port=3307

### 安装目录
basedir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/

### 数据存放路径  
datadir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/data/

### 会话文件目录  
socket=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/mysql.sock

#允许连接失败的最大次数
max_connect_errors=10

#服务端的字符集编码
character-set-server=utf8

# 默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# 默认用户
user=mysql

# 开启慢查询  
slow_query_log=on

# 慢查询日志文件目录
slow_query_log_file=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/slow-query.log 

#explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true
[client]
### 连接服务端使用的端口号
port=3307
### 会话文件
socket=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/mysql.sock     
# 默认字符集编码
default-character-set=utf8

修改自带的默认配置

vim ./support-files/mysql.server

修改文件1

mysql.server

basedir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/
datadir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/data/


service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directory for RedHat / SuSE.
lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'
lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# The following variables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.

# Set some defaults
mysqld_pid_file_path=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/mysqld.pid
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/
  bindir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02//bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/data
  fi
  sbindir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/bin
  libexecdir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/bin
else
  bindir="$basedir/bin"
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir="$basedir/data"
  fi
  sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
  libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi

# datadir_set is used to determine if datadir was set (and so should be
# *not* set inside of the --basedir= handler.)
datadir_set=

#
# Use LSB init script functions for printing messages, if possible
#
lsb_functions="/lib/lsb/init-functions"
if test -f $lsb_functions ; then
  . $lsb_functions
else
  log_success_msg()
  {
    echo " SUCCESS! $@"
  }
  log_failure_msg()
  {
    echo " ERROR! $@"
  }
fi

PATH="/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:$basedir/bin"
export PATH

mode=$1    # start or stop

[ $# -ge 1 ] && shift


other_args="$*"   # uncommon, but needed when called from an RPM upgrade action
           # Expected: "--skip-networking --skip-grant-tables"
           # They are not checked here, intentionally, as it is the resposibility
           # of the "spec" file author to give correct arguments only.

case `echo "testing\c"`,`echo -n testing` in
    *c*,-n*) echo_n=   echo_c=     ;;
    *c*,*)   echo_n=-n echo_c=     ;;
    *)       echo_n=   echo_c='\c' ;;
esac

parse_server_arguments() {
  for arg do
    case "$arg" in
      --basedir=*)  basedir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
                    bindir="$basedir/bin"
		    if test -z "$datadir_set"; then
		      datadir="$basedir/data"
		    fi
		    sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
		    libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
        ;;
      --datadir=*)  datadir=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'`
		    datadir_set=1
	;;
      --pid-file=*) mysqld_pid_file_path=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
      --service-startup-timeout=*) service_startup_timeout=`echo "$arg" | sed -e 's/^[^=]*=//'` ;;
    esac
  done
}

wait_for_pid () {
  verb="$1"           # created | removed
  pid="$2"            # process ID of the program operating on the pid-file
  pid_file_path="$3" # path to the PID file.

  i=0
  avoid_race_condition="by checking again"

  while test $i -ne $service_startup_timeout ; do

    case "$verb" in
      'created')
        # wait for a PID-file to pop into existence.
        test -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      'removed')
        # wait for this PID-file to disappear
        test ! -s "$pid_file_path" && i='' && break
        ;;
      *)
        echo "wait_for_pid () usage: wait_for_pid created|removed pid pid_file_path"
        exit 1
        ;;
    esac

    # if server isn't running, then pid-file will never be updated
    if test -n "$pid"; then
      if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
        :  # the server still runs
      else
        # The server may have exited between the last pid-file check and now.  
        if test -n "$avoid_race_condition"; then
          avoid_race_condition=""
          continue  # Check again.
        fi

        # there's nothing that will affect the file.
        log_failure_msg "The server quit without updating PID file ($pid_file_path)."
        return 1  # not waiting any more.
      fi
    fi

    echo $echo_n ".$echo_c"
    i=`expr $i + 1`
    sleep 1

  done

  if test -z "$i" ; then
    log_success_msg
    return 0
  else
    log_failure_msg
    return 1
  fi
}

# Get arguments from the my.cnf file,
# the only group, which is read from now on is [mysqld]
if test -x "$bindir/my_print_defaults";  then
  print_defaults="$bindir/my_print_defaults"
else
  # Try to find basedir in /etc/my.cnf
  conf=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/my.cnf
  print_defaults=
  if test -r $conf
  then
    subpat='^[^=]*basedir[^=]*=\(.*\)$'
    dirs=`sed -e "/$subpat/!d" -e 's//\1/' $conf`
    for d in $dirs
    do
      d=`echo $d | sed -e 's/[ 	]//g'`
      if test -x "$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
      then
        print_defaults="$d/bin/my_print_defaults"
        break
      fi
    done
  fi

  # Hope it's in the PATH ... but I doubt it
  test -z "$print_defaults" && print_defaults="my_print_defaults"
fi

#
# Read defaults file from 'basedir'.   If there is no defaults file there
# check if it's in the old (depricated) place (datadir) and read it from there
#

extra_args=""
if test -r "$basedir/my.cnf"
then
  extra_args="-e $basedir/my.cnf"
fi

parse_server_arguments `$print_defaults $extra_args mysqld server mysql_server mysql.server`

#
# Set pid file if not given
#
if test -z "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
then
  mysqld_pid_file_path=$datadir/`hostname`.pid
else
  case "$mysqld_pid_file_path" in
    /* ) ;;
    * )  mysqld_pid_file_path="$datadir/$mysqld_pid_file_path" ;;
  esac
fi

case "$mode" in
  'start')
    # Start daemon

    # Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)
    cd $basedir

    echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"
    if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe
    then
      # Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script
      # may be overwritten at next upgrade.
      $bindir/mysqld_safe --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" $other_args >/dev/null &
      wait_for_pid created "$!" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?

      # Make lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -w "$lockdir"
      then
        touch "$lock_file_path"
      fi

      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "Couldn't find MySQL server ($bindir/mysqld_safe)"
    fi
    ;;

  'stop')
    # Stop daemon. We use a signal here to avoid having to know the
    # root password.

    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    then
      # signal mysqld_safe that it needs to stop
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path.shutdown"

      mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`

      if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
      then
        echo $echo_n "Shutting down MySQL"
        kill $mysqld_pid
        # mysqld should remove the pid file when it exits, so wait for it.
        wait_for_pid removed "$mysqld_pid" "$mysqld_pid_file_path"; return_value=$?
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL server process #$mysqld_pid is not running!"
        rm "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      fi

      # Delete lock for RedHat / SuSE
      if test -f "$lock_file_path"
      then
        rm -f "$lock_file_path"
      fi
      exit $return_value
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL server PID file could not be found!"
    fi
    ;;

  'restart')
    # Stop the service and regardless of whether it was
    # running or not, start it again.
    if $0 stop  $other_args; then
      $0 start $other_args
    else
      log_failure_msg "Failed to stop running server, so refusing to try to start."
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;

  'reload'|'force-reload')
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then
      read mysqld_pid <  "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      kill -HUP $mysqld_pid && log_success_msg "Reloading service MySQL"
      touch "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
    else
      log_failure_msg "MySQL PID file could not be found!"
      exit 1
    fi
    ;;
  'status')
    # First, check to see if pid file exists
    if test -s "$mysqld_pid_file_path" ; then 
      read mysqld_pid < "$mysqld_pid_file_path"
      if kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null ; then 
        log_success_msg "MySQL running ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 0
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but PID file exists"
        exit 1
      fi
    else
      # Try to find appropriate mysqld process
      mysqld_pid=`pidof $libexecdir/mysqld`

      # test if multiple pids exist
      pid_count=`echo $mysqld_pid | wc -w`
      if test $pid_count -gt 1 ; then
        log_failure_msg "Multiple MySQL running but PID file could not be found ($mysqld_pid)"
        exit 5
      elif test -z $mysqld_pid ; then 
        if test -f "$lock_file_path" ; then 
          log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running, but lock file ($lock_file_path) exists"
          exit 2
        fi 
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is not running"
        exit 3
      else
        log_failure_msg "MySQL is running but PID file could not be found"
        exit 4
      fi
    fi
    ;;
    *)
      # usage
      basename=`basename "$0"`
      echo "Usage: $basename  {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}  [ MySQL server options ]"
      exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

修改文件2

mysqld_multi.server

#还是修改basedir和datadir两项属性

basedir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02
bindir=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/bin

初始化安装及启动服务

cd /test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02

切换到 root 用户

./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02/my.cnf --initialize --console --user=mysql

出现错误
 TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details)

解决方案：配置文件增加
[mysqld]
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

初始化完成，生成临时密码
密码：c#40y(GLBiui

启动服务
cd /test_env/soft/mysql/mysql_02
./bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=./my.cnf &

解释说明：
后台启动当前mysql_01的mysql服务，还是需要去指定配置文件，因为在配置文件中我们设置了一个socket参数，
只有按照这个配置文件去启动，才会按照socket配置的路径去生成，否则会自动生成在/tmp/mysql.sock，
如果mysql_02也是这么生成，则会形成覆盖，在连接时造成只能连接一个服务，甚至报错。

检查 mysql 是否启动成功
netstat -nultp|grep 3307

连接数据库与修改密码
./bin/mysql --socket=./mysql.sock -uroot -p
c#40y(GLBiui

修改密码

alter user root@localhost identified by "root";

授权root远程登录

grant all privileges on *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root' WITH GRANT OPTION;

远程连接成功

centos7 2个实例安装完成

参考URL

https://www.yht7.com/news/89534