洛谷P3312 [SDOI2014]数表 积性函数+反演+树状数组

分析

我们设$sd(i)$为$i$的所有约数之和
如果不考虑a对答案的影响：

$$ans=\sum _{i=1}^n\sum _{j=1}^{m}sd(gcd(i,j))$$

正常的思路，我们枚举$gcd(i,j)=d$

$$ans=\sum _{d=1}^{min(n,m)}sd(d)\sum _{i=1}^n\sum _{j=1}^m[gcd(i,j)==d]$$

对$i,j$提取出个$d$

$$ans=\sum _{d=1}^{min(n,m)}sd(d)\sum _{i=1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d}\rfloor }\sum _{j=1}^{\lfloor \frac{m}{d}\rfloor }[gcd(i,j)==1]$$

我们可以使用反演函数替换掉后面那个$[gcd(i,j)==1]$

$$ans=\sum _{d=1}^{min(n,m)}sd(d)\sum _{i=1}^{\lfloor \frac{n}{d}\rfloor }\sum _{j=1}^{\lfloor \frac{m}{d}\rfloor }\sum _{t\mid gcd(i,j)}\mu (t)$$

对$i,j$提取出个$t$

$$ans=\sum _{d=1}^{min(n,m)}sd(d)\sum _{t=1}^{min(\lfloor \frac{n}{d}\rfloor ,\lfloor \frac{m}{d}\rfloor )}\lfloor \frac{n}{td}\rfloor \lfloor \frac{m}{td}\rfloor$$

我们令$T=td$

$$ans=\sum _{T=1}^{min(n,m)}\lfloor \frac{n}{T}\rfloor \lfloor \frac{n}{T}\rfloor \sum _{d\mid T}\mu (\frac{T}{d})\cdot sd(d)$$

我们发现${\sum }_{d\mid T}\mu (\frac{T}{d})\cdot sd(d)$是积性函数，可以用线性筛求出

现在，我们有a的限制：

$$ans=\sum _{T=1}^{min(n,m)}\lfloor \frac{n}{T}\rfloor \lfloor \frac{n}{T}\rfloor \sum _{d\mid T}\mu (\frac{T}{d})\cdot sd(d)(d<=a)$$

这样的话，我们只能离线的对所有查询进行处理。首先我们根据a的大小对所以查询排序，a每变大一点，我们都可以插入符合条件的$sd$,这个我们可以用树状数组维护
对于一个符合条件的d，我们可以给d的所有倍数插入相应的值

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
template <typename T>
void out(T x) { cout << x << endl; }
ll fast_pow(ll a, ll b, ll p) {ll c = 1; while(b) { if(b & 1) c = c * a % p; a = a * a % p; b >>= 1;} return c;}
ll exgcd(ll a, ll b, ll &x, ll &y) { if(!b) {x = 1; y = 0; return a; } ll gcd = exgcd(b, a % b, y, x); y-= a / b * x; return gcd; }
const ll N = 1e5 + 100;
const ll mod = 1ll << 31;
struct node
{
    ll n, m, a, id;
    bool operator < (const node b) const
    {
        return a < b.a;
    }
}q[N], dd[N];
ll prime[N], mu[N], tot;
ll sd[N], sp[N];
bool mark[N];
void get_mu_sd()
{
    mark[0] = mark[1] = true;
    tot = 0;
    mu[1] = sd[1] = sp[1] = 1;
    for(ll i = 2; i < N; i ++)
    {
        if(!mark[i])
        {
            prime[tot ++] = i;
            mu[i] = -1;
            sd[i] = sp[i] = i + 1;
        }
        for(ll j = 0; j < tot && i * prime[j] < N; j ++)
        {
            mark[i * prime[j]] = true;
            if(i % prime[j] == 0)
            {
                sd[i * prime[j]] = sd[i] / sp[i] * (sp[i] * prime[j] + 1);
                sp[i * prime[j]] = sp[i] * prime[j] + 1;
                break;
            }
            sd[i * prime[j]] = (prime[j] + 1) * sd[i];
            sp[i * prime[j]] = prime[j] + 1;
            mu[i * prime[j]] = -mu[i];
        }
    }
    for(ll i = 1; i < N; i ++)
        dd[i].id = i, dd[i].a = sd[i];
    sort(dd + 1, dd + N);
}
ll tree[N], ans[N];
ll lowbit(ll x)
{
    return x & (-x);
}
void add(ll pos, ll val)
{
    for(ll i = pos; i < N; i += lowbit(i))
        tree[i] = tree[i] + val;
}
ll query(ll pos)
{
    ll num = 0;
    for(ll i = pos; i; i -= lowbit(i))
        num = num + tree[i];
    return num;
}
void add(ll x)
{
    for(ll i = 1; i * x < N; i ++)
        add(i * x, mu[i] * sd[x]);
}
ll cal(ll n, ll m)
{
    ll ans = 0;
    if(n > m)
        swap(n, m);
    for(ll i = 1, j = 1; i <= n; i = j + 1)
    {
        j = min(n / (n / i), m / (m / i));
        ans = (ans + (n / i) * (m / i) % mod * (query(j) - query(i - 1)) % mod + mod) % mod;
    }
    return ans;
}
int main()
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    get_mu_sd();
    memset(tree, 0, sizeof(tree));
    ll t;
    cin >> t;
    for(ll i = 1; i <= t; i ++)
    {
        cin >> q[i].n >> q[i].m >> q[i].a;
        q[i].id = i;
    }
    sort(q + 1, q + 1 + t);
    ll cnt = 1;
    for(ll i = 1; i <= t; i ++)
    {
        while(dd[cnt].a <= q[i].a && cnt < N)
            add(dd[cnt ++].id);
        ans[q[i].id] = cal(q[i].n, q[i].m);
    }
    for(ll i = 1; i <= t; i ++)
        cout << ans[i] << endl;
}