Go学习:channel

概念

goroutine与goroutine之间的双向通道就是channel

语法

定义

package main

import "fmt"

func chanDemmo() {
	c := make(chan int)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	n := <-c
	fmt.Println(n)
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

运行程序,会出现死锁;channel是goroutine与goroutine之间的交互,如果没有goroutine就会出现死锁

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func chanDemmo() {
	c := make(chan int)
	go func() {
		for {
			n := <-c
			fmt.Println(n)
		}
	}()
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

加一个sleep是为了把所有的内容都打印出来

chan作为参数

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func chanDemmo() {
	c := make(chan int)
	go worker(c)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func worker(c chan int) {
	for {
		n := <-c
		fmt.Println(n)
	}
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func chanDemmo() {
	var channels [10]chan int
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] = make(chan int)
		go worker(i, channels[i])
	}
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] <- i
	}
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func worker(id int, c chan int) {
	for {
		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, <-c)
	}
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

chan作为返回值

返回可收可发的chan

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func createChan() chan int {
	c:=make(chan int)
	return c
}

func chanDemmo() {
	var channels [10]chan int
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] = createChan()
		go worker(i, channels[i])
	}
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] <- i
	}
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func worker(id int, c chan int) {
	for {
		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, <-c)
	}
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

返回具体用途的chan

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func createChan() chan int {
	c := make(chan int)
	return c
}
func createSendChan() chan<- int {
	c := make(chan int)
	return c
}

func chanDemmo() {
	var channels [10]chan<- int
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] = createSendChan()
		// go worker(i, channels[i])
	}
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		channels[i] <- i
	}
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func worker(id int, c chan int) {
	for {
		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, <-c)
	}
}

func main() {
	chanDemmo()
}

我们再createSendChan函数里面规定了返回的chan只能取发数据,如果我们用返回的chan收数据程序会编译不通过

bufferedChan

再最开始的例子里面说,如果没有goroutine来接收,会出现死锁,但是我们可以再创建chan的时候设置一个缓冲区,这样的话,发送内容的时候就会发送到缓冲区里面,只有超出了缓冲区大小时才会出现死锁

不超过缓冲区

package main

func main() {
	bufferedChan()
}

func bufferedChan() {
	c:=make(chan int,3)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	c <- 3
}

超过缓冲区

package main

func main() {
	//chanDemmo()
	bufferedChan()
}

func bufferedChan() {
	c:=make(chan int,3)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	c <- 3
	c <- 3
}

接收bufferedChan数据

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func worker(id int, c chan int) {
	for {
		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, <-c)
	}
}

func main() {
	bufferedChan()
}

func bufferedChan() {
	c:=make(chan int,3)
	go worker(0,c)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	c <- 3
	c <- 4
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

close chan

判断是否还有数据

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	bufferedChan()
}

func bufferedChan() {
	c:=make(chan int,3)
	go workerClose(0,c)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	c <- 3
	c <- 4
	close(c)
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func workerClose(id int, c chan int) {
	for {
		i,ok := <-c
		if !ok {
			break
		}
		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, i)
	}
}

使用range

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	bufferedChan()
}

func bufferedChan() {
	c:=make(chan int,3)
	go workerClose(0,c)
	c <- 1
	c <- 2
	c <- 3
	c <- 4
	close(c)
	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
}

func workerClose(id int, c chan int) {
	for i:= range c{

		fmt.Printf("Worker %d received %d\n", id, i)
	}
}

close一定要由发送方去close;如果不进行close的话,程序就会一直收数据直至结束!