The Preliminary Contest for ICPC Asia Nanjing 2019 D Robots

Robots

Given a directed graph with no loops which starts at node 11 and ends at node nn.
There is a robot who starts at 11, and will go to one of adjacent nodes or stand still with equal probability every day.
Every day the robot will have durability consumption which equals to the number of passed days.
Please calculate the expected durability consumption when the robot arrives at node nn.
It is guaranteed that there is only one node (node 1) whose in-degree is equal to 0,
and there is only one node (node n) whose out-degree is equal to 0. And there are no multiple edges in the graph.

Input
The first line contains one integer T (1≤T≤10)
For each case,the first line contains two integers n (2≤n≤10^5) and m (1≤m≤2×10^5), the number of nodes and the number of edges, respectively.
Each of the next mm lines contains two integers u and v (1≤u,v≤n) denoting a directed edge from u to v.
It is guarenteed that ∑n≤4×10^5, and ∑m≤5×10^5.

Output
Output T lines.Each line have a number denoting the expected durability consumption when the robot arrives at node n.
Please keep two decimal places.

样例输入
1
5 6
1 2
2 5
1 5
1 3
3 4
4 5
样例输出
9.78

题意

有n个点，1为起点，n为终点，起点入度为0，终点出度为0，保证起点终点唯一，每天可以选择转移到下一个点或者原地不动，每天的消耗为过去天数的总和，问你从起点到终点的期望天数是多少。

思路

期望dp

详细的状态转移方程可参照这个题解：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43847416/article/details/100318471

代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<=b;i++)
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
#define maxn 200005
double dp[maxn], dp2[maxn];
int n;
vector<int> G[maxn];

void init(){
	for(int i = 0; i <= n; i++){
		G[i].clear();
		dp[i] = 0;
		dp2[i] = 0;
	}
}

void dfs(int now){
    int i, j;
    int lim = G[now].size();
    double q = 1.0/(double)lim;
    for(i = 0; i < lim; i++){
        int v = G[now][i];
        if(!dp[v]&&(v!=n)) dfs(v);
        dp[now] += q*dp[v];
    }
    dp[now] += (1.0+q);
}

void dfs2(int now){
    int i, j;
    int lim = G[now].size();
    double q = 1.0/(double)lim;
    for(i = 0; i < lim; i++){
        int v = G[now][i];
        if(!dp2[v]&&(v!=n)) dfs2(v);
        dp2[now] += q*dp2[v];
    }
    dp2[now] += (1.0+q)*dp[now];
}

int main(){
    int i, j, m, k, T;
    int u, v;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--){
    	init();
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        for(i = 1; i <= m; i++){
            scanf("%d%d",&u,&v);
            G[u].push_back(v);
        }
        dfs(1);
        dfs2(1);
        printf("%.2f\n",dp2[1]);
    }
}