KVM：使用define的方式启动虚机

前言

kvm虚机构成=xml文件+qcow2硬盘文件，将一个虚机创建出来的方式，

• 一种就是virt-install命令，指定各种必须的参数将虚机创建出来；
• 还有一种就是本文要介绍的，使用define方式将虚机创建起来，自己手动编写xml文件+准备好的qcow2镜像

创建ubuntu14.04.6系统的KVM虚机

将创建好的KVM虚机转化为qcow2的镜像文件

---

提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、过程

kvm虚机就是xml文件+硬盘文件，使用define方式创建虚机就是自己手动编写xml文件，将内存、cpu、磁盘、网络、连接方式等都定义好，然后创建虚机，

• 编写xml文件
• 执行命令启动虚机

---

二、部署过程

创建虚机前：

现在我们已经将虚机转换成的镜像放到指定的目录了，接着我们需要手动的编写一个xml文件用来启动虚机，最后我们需要创建一个硬盘文件。

首先查看下生成好的qcow2镜像文件所在的路径，

#ls /root/centos6.8-mim.qcow2
#qemu-img info /root/centos6.8-mim.qcow2

编辑xml文件：

首先一开始是虚机名、UUID、内存大小、CPU的个数：

手动生成uuid进行替换

#uuidgen
#d385cfc6-d746-45d7-8318-3994867574f7

接着在以下位置将镜像文件的路径填写进去，

xml文件的示例：
<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>centos6.8-mini</name>
  <uuid>d385cfc6-d746-45d7-8318-3994867574f7</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>204800</memory>
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>204800</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <os>
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact' check='partial'>
    <model fallback='allow'>IvyBridge</model>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='utc'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
  </clock>
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices>
    <emulator>/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/root/centos6.8-mim.qcow2'/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='bridge'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:94:af:17'/>
      <source bridge='virbr0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <target port='0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty'>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='unix'>
      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <address type='usb' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <video>
      <model type='cirrus' vram='16384' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
</domain>

启动虚机

现在通过生成镜像文件将虚机使用define方式创建起来：

#virsh define /root/centos6.8-mini.xml
#virsh list --all
#virsh start centos6.8-mini

这就是将生成好的虚机镜像使用define的方式启动虚机的过程！