HttpClient

介绍

• HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。
• HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了，越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能，但是对于大部分应用程序来说，JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。

案例

	
    @Test
    public void test01() throws IOException {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String url = "https://www.baidu.com";

        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);

        CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){

            System.out.println("请求有效");
        }

        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());

        System.out.println(result);
    }

Spring整合HttpClient

编辑propertis属性配置文件

#从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间
http.request.connectionRequestTimeout=500
#5000
http.request.connectTimeout=5000
#数据传输的最长时间
http.request.socketTimeout=30000
#提交请求前测试连接是否可用
http.request.staleConnectionCheckEnabled=true

#设置连接总数
http.pool.maxTotal=200
#设置每个地址的并发数
http.pool.defaultMaxPerRoute=100

编辑springIOC配置文件

 <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:/property/httpclient.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

编辑HttpClient配置文件

<!--定义httpclient连接池-->
    <bean class="org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager" id="httpClientConnectionManager"
          destroy-method="close">
        <!--       设置连接总数-->
        <property name="maxTotal" value="${http.pool.maxTotal}"/>
        <!--       设置每个地址并发数-->
        <property name="defaultMaxPerRoute" value="${http.pool.defaultMaxPerRoute}"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    定义httpclient工厂，这里使用httpclientbuilder构建-->
    <bean class="org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder" id="httpClientBuilder" factory-method="create">
        <property name="connectionManager" ref="httpClientConnectionManager"/>
    </bean>
    <!--    定期清理无效的链接-->
    <bean factory-bean="httpClientBuilder" factory-method="build"/>
    <bean class="com.jt.common.util.IdleConnectionEvictor" destroy-method="shutdown">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="httpClientConnectionManager"/>
        <!--        间隔一分钟清理一次-->
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="60000"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    定义requestConfig的工厂-->
    <bean class="org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig.Builder" id="requestConfigBuilder">
        <!--            从连接池中获取到链接的最长时间-->
        <property name="connectionRequestTimeout" value="${http.request.connectionRequestTimeout}"/>
        <!--            创建链接的最长时间-->
        <property name="connectTimeout" value="${http.request.connectTimeout}"/>
        <!--            数据传输的最长时间-->
        <property name="socketTimeout" value="${http.request.socketTimeout}"/>
        <!--            提交请求前测试链接是否可用-->
        <property name="staleConnectionCheckEnabled" value="${http.request.staleConnectionCheckEnabled}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--    得到requestConfig实例-->

    <bean id="requestConfig" factory-bean="requestConfigBuilder" factory-method="build"/>

编辑工具类

@Service
public class HttpClientService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpClientService.class);

    @Autowired(required=false)
    private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;

    @Autowired(required=false)
    private RequestConfig requestConfig;

    /**
     * 执行get请求
     * 
     * @param url
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doGet(String url,Map<String, String> params,String encode) throws Exception {
        LOGGER.info("执行GET请求，URL = {}", url);
        if(null != params){
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                builder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
            }
            url = builder.build().toString();
        }
        // 创建http GET请求
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                if(encode == null){
                    encode = "UTF-8";
                }
                return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), encode);
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
            // 此处不能关闭httpClient，如果关闭httpClient，连接池也会销毁
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    public String doGet(String url, String encode) throws Exception{
        return this.doGet(url, null, encode);
    }
    
    public String doGet(String url) throws Exception{
        return this.doGet(url, null, null);
    }

    /**
     * 带参数的get请求
     * 
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doGet(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws Exception {
        return this.doGet(url, params, null);
    }

    /**
     * 执行POST请求
     * 
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params,String encode) throws Exception {
        // 创建http POST请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

        if (null != params) {
            // 设置2个post参数，一个是scope、一个是q
            List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(0);
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }

            // 构造一个form表单式的实体
            UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = null;
            if(encode!=null){
                formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters,encode);
            }else{
                formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters);
            }
            // 将请求实体设置到httpPost对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
        }

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }


    /**
     * 执行POST请求
     * 
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> params) throws Exception {
        // 创建http POST请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);

        if (null != params) {
            // 设置2个post参数，一个是scope、一个是q
            List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(0);
            for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet()) {
                parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }

            // 构造一个form表单式的实体
            UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters);
            // 将请求实体设置到httpPost对象中
            httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
        }

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public String doPostJson(String url, String json) throws Exception {
        // 创建http POST请求
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
        
        if(null != json){
            //设置请求体为 字符串
            StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json,"UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
        }

        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            // 执行请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 判断返回状态是否为200
            if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
                return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
            }
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

}