String、StringBuilder和StringBuffer的区别浅谈
继承结构
可以看出三者之间共同的接口,实现的方法大部分都一样,只是形式不同。
源码
接下来看看它们的部分源码
String
public final class String
implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
/** The value is used for character storage. */
private final char value[];
/** Cache the hash code for the string */
private int hash; // Default to 0
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
/**
* Class String is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
*
* A String instance is written into an ObjectOutputStream according to
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../platform/serialization/spec/output.html">
* Object Serialization Specification, Section 6.2, "Stream Elements"</a>
*/
private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
new ObjectStreamField[0];
/**
* Initializes a newly created {@code String} object so that it represents
* an empty character sequence. Note that use of this constructor is
* unnecessary since Strings are immutable.
*/
public String() {
this.value = "".value;
}
...
}
StringBuffer
@Override
public synchronized StringBuffer append(Object obj) {
toStringCache = null;
super.append(String.valueOf(obj));
return this;
}
@Override
public synchronized StringBuffer append(String str) {
toStringCache = null;
super.append(str);
return this;
}
StringBuilder
@Override
public StringBuilder append(Object obj) {
return append(String.valueOf(obj));
}
@Override
public StringBuilder append(String str) {
super.append(str);
return this;
}
AbstractStringBuilder
abstract class AbstractStringBuilder implements Appendable, CharSequence {
/**
* The value is used for character storage.
*/
char[] value;
/**
* The count is the number of characters used.
*/
int count;
...
}
从以上的源码可以等出:
String的value是不可变型
StringBuffer和StringBuiler的value是可变类型
StringBuffer修改字符数组是加锁的,而StringBuiler不加锁
总结
- String、StringBuilder和StringBuffer都实现CharSequence接口
- String是不可变类型,它的成员变量是private final,而且没有提供修改变量的方法
- String频繁的更换字符,会造成大量的堆内存垃圾
- StringBuffer和StringBuiler的value是可变类型, 适用于字符串频繁修改的场景
- StringBuffer方法加锁,线程安全,操作变慢
- StringBuilder方法不加锁,线程不安全,操作快