使用python的scrapy框架简单的爬取豆瓣读书top250

使用python的scrapy框架简单的爬取豆瓣读书top250

一、配置scrapy环境

1. 配置相应模块

如果没有配置过scrapy环境的一般需要安装lxml、PyOpenssl、Twisted、Pywin32、scrapy这几样模块，都可以
pip install *方式安装，如pip install lxml。

2. **测试是否安装成功 **

直接在cmd输入scrapy，出现版本号就说明安装成功

二、爬虫项目

下面就直接开始爬取

1.创建项目scrapy startproject douban_book

这个就是创建好的scrapy文件

2.创建爬虫scrapy genspider douban_book_spider book.douban.com

“book.douban.com”是目标域

3.明确目标

就是我们要确定我们需要爬那些目标资源（红框的是本次项目要的资源）

然后在items.py中明确

class DoubanBookItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    # 图片链接
    img_url = scrapy.Field()
    # 书名
    book_name = scrapy.Field()
    # 书本具体信息
    specific_information = scrapy.Field()
    # 评星
    star_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 多少人评价
    people_num = scrapy.Field()
    # 描述
	describe = scrapy.Field()

4.爬虫逻辑

setting.py文件配置

在文件添加user_agent

USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:68.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/68.0'

编写douban_book_spider.py

class DoubanBookSpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban_book_spider'
    allowed_domains = ['book.douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://book.douban.com/top250']

    def parse(self, response):
        print(response.text)

测试是否有返回值
在cmd输入scrapy crawl douban_book_spider

这样说明有返回值了

在douban_book_spider.py编写xpath逻辑
定位到涵盖这页的所有书的html的地方

以此为基础xpath
//div[@class=‘indent’]//table

在基础xpath下找到图片的链接
.//tr[@class=‘item’]//td//a[@class=‘nbg’]//img/@src
其他元素同理

class DoubanBookSpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban_book_spider'
    allowed_domains = ['book.douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://book.douban.com/top250']
    global thispage
    def parse(self, response):
        book_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='indent']//table")
        for item in book_list:
            book_item = DoubanBookItem()
            book_item['img_url'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']//td//a[@class='nbg']//img/@src").extract_first()
            book_item['book_name'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']//td[2]//div[@class='pl2']//a/@title").extract_first()
            book_item['specific_information'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract_first()
            book_item['star_num'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[2]/text()").extract_first()
            people_num = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[3]/text()").extract_first()
            book_item['people_num'] = people_num.replace(" ", "")
            book_item['describe'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/p[@class='quote']/span/text()").extract_first()
            yield book_item

每一次分页都是“后页”，最后一页就“后页”不能点击，所以可以从这里试一下

这是第一页，后页是有链接的
这是最后一页，后页是没有链接的

所以判断“后页”有没有链接，如果有就回调，继续爬，没有就结束

class DoubanBookSpiderSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'douban_book_spider'
    allowed_domains = ['book.douban.com']
    start_urls = ['https://book.douban.com/top250']
    global thispage
    def parse(self, response):
        book_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='indent']//table")
        for item in book_list:
            book_item = DoubanBookItem()
            book_item['img_url'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']//td//a[@class='nbg']//img/@src").extract_first()
            book_item['book_name'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']//td[2]//div[@class='pl2']//a/@title").extract_first()
            book_item['specific_information'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/p[@class='pl']/text()").extract_first()
            book_item['star_num'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[2]/text()").extract_first()
            people_num = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/div[@class='star clearfix']/span[3]/text()").extract_first()
            book_item['people_num'] = people_num.replace(" ", "")
            book_item['describe'] = item.xpath(".//tr[@class='item']/td[2]/p[@class='quote']/span/text()").extract_first()
            yield book_item
       	next = response.xpath(".//div[@class='indent']/div[@class='paginator']/span[@class='next']/a/@href").extract_first()
		if next:
			yield scrapy.Request(next, callback=self.parse)

至此250本书的信息就爬下来了！