枚举的理解及用法

枚举的理解及用法

在jdk5之后，增添了关键字enum，enum可以将一组具名的值的有限集合创建为一种新的类型，而这些具名的值可以作为常规的程序组件使用。

为什么要使用enum？
个人理解是：程序中有时需要封装一些固定的值，更是为了程序安全考虑，如每个星期一定是有7天，每天都可以添加对应的信息。

源码

首先来看看它的源码是怎么样的

public abstract class Enum<E extends Enum<E>>
        implements Comparable<E>, Serializable {

    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }

    private final int ordinal;

    public final int ordinal() {
        return ordinal;
    }

    protected Enum(String name, int ordinal) {
        this.name = name;
        this.ordinal = ordinal;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public final boolean equals(Object other) {
        return this==other;
    }
    
    public final int hashCode() {
        return super.hashCode();
    }

    protected final Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        throw new CloneNotSupportedException();
    }
    
    public final int compareTo(E o) {
        Enum<?> other = (Enum<?>)o;
        Enum<E> self = this;
        if (self.getClass() != other.getClass() && // optimization
            self.getDeclaringClass() != other.getDeclaringClass())
            throw new ClassCastException();
        return self.ordinal - other.ordinal;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public final Class<E> getDeclaringClass() {
        Class<?> clazz = getClass();
        Class<?> zuper = clazz.getSuperclass();
        return (zuper == Enum.class) ? (Class<E>)clazz : (Class<E>)zuper;
    }

    public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T> enumType,
                                                String name) {
        T result = enumType.enumConstantDirectory().get(name);
        if (result != null)
            return result;
        if (name == null)
            throw new NullPointerException("Name is null");
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
            "No enum constant " + enumType.getCanonicalName() + "." + name);
    }

    protected final void finalize() { }

    private void readObject(ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException,
        ClassNotFoundException {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("can't deserialize enum");
    }

    private void readObjectNoData() throws ObjectStreamException {
        throw new InvalidObjectException("can't deserialize enum");
    }
}

分析：

1. values方法返回enum实例的数组，而且是有顺序
2. ordinal方法返回一个int值
3. 提供equals和hashCode，同时实现Comparable和Serializable
4. 调用getDeclaringClass，可以返回所属类
5. name是返回enum实例声明的名字

不存在的values方法？
values是由编译器添加的statis方法

基本enum特性

以星期为例子：

public enum Week {
    Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
}

public class EnumOrder {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (Week w : Week.values()){
            System.out.println(w + " , ordinal " + w.ordinal());
        }
        System.out.println("=======================================");
        Week w = Week.valueOf("Wednesday");
        System.out.println(w.name() + " , ordinal " + w.ordinal());
        System.out.println(w.getDeclaringClass().getName());
        System.out.println(w.toString().getClass().getName());
    }
} /*
Monday , ordinal 0
Tuesday , ordinal 1
Wednesday , ordinal 2
Thursday , ordinal 3
Friday , ordinal 4
Saturday , ordinal 5
Sunday , ordinal 6
=======================================
Wednesday , ordinal 2
com.company.Enum.Week
java.lang.String
*///:~

将静态导入用于enum

import static com.company.Enum.Week.*;

public class StaticEnum {

    Week week;
    public StaticEnum(Week week) {this.week = week;}

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "StaticEnum is " + week;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(new StaticEnum(Monday));
        System.out.println(new StaticEnum(Tuesday));
        System.out.println(new StaticEnum(Wednesday));
    }
}

使用static import能够将enum实例的标识符带入当前的命名空间，所以无需再用enum类型来修饰enum实例

向enum中添加新方法

现在向Week添加获取数字的方法

public enum Week {
    Monday(1),
    Tuesday(2),
    Wednesday(3),
    Thursday(4),
    Friday(5),
    Saturday(6),
    Sunday(7);

    private int num;
    private Week(int num){
        this.num = num;
    }
    public int getNum(){
        return num;
    }
}

public class EnumInt {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for(Week w : Week.values()){
            System.out.println(w + " : " + w.getNum());
        }
    }
}/* output
Monday : 1
Tuesday : 2
Wednesday : 3
Thursday : 4
Friday : 5
Saturday : 6
Sunday : 7
*///:~

switch语句中的enum

使用switch时，发现enum与它有很多相似之处，两人的结合可谓是“天设地造”了

package com.company.Enum;

public class SwitchEnum {
    public static void translation(Week week){
        switch (week){
            case Monday:
                System.out.println("Monday的中文是周一");
                break;
            case Tuesday:
                System.out.println("Tuesday的中文是周二");
                break;
            case Wednesday:
                System.out.println("Wednesday的中文是周三");
                break;
            case Thursday:
                System.out.println("Thursday的中文是周四");
                break;
            case Friday:
                System.out.println("Friday的中文是周五");
                break;
            case Saturday:
                System.out.println("Saturday的中文是周六");
                break;
            case Sunday:
                System.out.println("Sunday的中文是周日");
                break;
            default:
                System.out.println("无法翻译");
                break;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        translation(Week.Monday);
        translation(Week.Tuesday);
        translation(Week.Wednesday);
        translation(Week.Tuesday);
        translation(Week.Friday);
        translation(Week.Saturday);
        translation(Week.Sunday);
    }
}/*
Monday的中文是周一
Tuesday的中文是周二
Wednesday的中文是周三
Tuesday的中文是周二
Friday的中文是周五
Saturday的中文是周六
Sunday的中文是周日
*///:~

待续。。。
参考书籍：Java编程思想