python边学边记（3）：字典

参考：b站：覃秉丰，书籍：清华大学出版社《python从入门到精通》
编译环境 python3 jupyter notebook （vscode等编译器对代码进行适当修改即可）

字典的创建

dictionary = dict() #创建空字典
dictionary = {}
dictionary = dict(zip(key,value)) #通过zip映射创建字典 key:键 value：值
dictionary = dict(key1=value1,key2=value2,...,keyn=valuen)#键-值对创建字典
dictionary = dict.fromkeys(list1) #值为空的字典 list1存放的是键
#也可以自己写字典：
dictionary ={1：'d',2:'i',5:'c',7:'t'}

访问修改字典

dictionary ={1:'d',2:'i',5:'c',7:'t'}
print(dictionary[7]) #键7的值
dictionary[7] = 'bbb' #修改键7的值
print(dictionary[7]) 
print(dictionary.get(1)) #get方法获取键1的值

结果

t
bbb
d

遍历字典

遍历整个字典的键值

dictionary ={1:'d',2:'i',5:'c',7:'t'}
for key,value in dictionary.items():
    print('key:',key,'\t','value:',value)

结果

key: 1 	 value: d
key: 2 	 value: i
key: 5 	 value: c
key: 7 	 value: t

遍历整个字典的键

dictionary ={1:'d',2:'i',5:'c',7:'t'}
for key in dictionary.keys():
    print('key:',key)

结果

key: 1
key: 2
key: 5
key: 7

遍历整个字典的值

dictionary ={1:'d',2:'i',5:'c',7:'t'}
for value in dictionary.values():
    print('values:',value)

结果

values: d
values: i
values: c
values: t

排序字典的键

dictionary ={1:'d',5:'i',7:'c',2:'t'}
for key in sorted(dictionary.keys()):
    print("key:",key)

结果

key: 1
key: 2
key: 5
key: 7