CS入门学习笔记4-MIT 6.00.1x

Week 2 Problem Set

1. Assume s is a string of lower case characters.

Write a program that counts up the number of vowels contained in the string s. Valid vowels are: ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, and ‘u’. For example, if s = ‘azcbobobegghakl’, your program should print:
“Number of vowels: 5”**

使用for循环：

n = 0 
s = 'aabbcceeoo'
for i in range(len(s)):
    if s[i] in 'aeiou':
        n = n + 1
    i = i + 1
print('Number of vowels:' + str(n))

使用while循环：

n = 0 
s = 'aabbeeoo'
i = 0
while i <= len(s)-1:
    if s[i] in 'aeiou':
        n = n + 1
    i = i + 1
print('Number of vowels:' + str(n))

小结：
len(s)会得出的是整个字符串的位数n，而range(len(s))返回的会是0–n-1， s[i]中的i的取值应是0–n-1。由此会出现while与for循环在i的取值上的不同写法。

2. Assume s is a string of lower case characters.

Write a program that prints the number of times the string ‘bob’ occurs in s. For example, if s = ‘azcbobobegghakl’, then your program should print
“Number of times bob occurs is: 2”

一开始写的：

n = 0 
s = 'azcbobobobegghakl'
i = 0
while i <= len(s)-1:
    if s[i] == 'b' and s[i+1] == 'o' and s[i+2] == 'b':
        n = n + 1
    i = i + 1
print('Number of times bob occurs is:' + str(n))

提交后发现当s='obobobontsbboobiobobd’或 s='eobobgbobqoboboboobboobbobobbbobb’时会报错，意识到问题：当在倒数第三位及之后出现b时，if语句中s[i+2]这个判断便会“string index out of range”，所以应当把i限定在len(s)-3之内，把bob当成一个整体，用它的开头去从前往后寻找，但用它的结尾去给寻找加上结束的限制。

代码修订后如下：