多区域ospf以及区域汇总实验

padovan

已于 2023-11-04 01:57:01 修改

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文章标签： p2p 网络协议网络

于 2022-05-26 13:14:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43210022/article/details/124970057

版权

该实验旨在掌握多区域OSPF配置，包括不同区域路由的区别、路由汇总及基本配置命令。通过实验，发现可以通过在ABR R2上对area1进行路由汇总，以减少路由表规模和控制LSA扩散。

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实验目的：1.掌握多区域ospf配置方法

2.区别不同区域的路由

3.掌握ospf的路由汇总配置

4.掌握ospf的基本配置命令

实验拓扑：

步骤1:接口ip配置

R1(config)#interface f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown 
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#interface loopback 1
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config)#interface f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown 

R3(config)#interface f0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown 
R3(config)#interface f0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config)#interface f0/0
R4(config-if)#ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if)#no shutdown 
R4(config)#interface loopback 0
R4(config-if)#ip  address 40.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R4(config)#interface loopback 1
R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.2.1 255.255.255.0

步骤2:ospf路由宣告

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
R1(config-router)#network 10.1.2.2 0.0.0.0 area 1

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 12.12.12.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 23.23.23.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 2

R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 34.34.34.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 2
R4(config-router)#network 40.1.2.1 0.0.0.0 area 2

查看网络联通性

R4#ping 40.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 40.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms

在任一路由器上查看ospf邻居表

R2#show ip ospf neighbor 

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
34.34.34.3        1   FULL/BDR        00:00:31    23.23.23.3      FastEthernet0/1
10.1.2.2          1   FULL/DR         00:00:38    12.12.12.1      FastEthernet0/0

查看R1路由表

R1#show ip  route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    34.34.34.0 [110/3] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:07, FastEthernet0/0  
//其它区域路由会使用IA作为前缀。IA short fot OSPF inter area
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 12.12.12.2, 00:06:54, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    40.1.1.1 [110/4] via 12.12.12.2, 00:05:22, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    40.1.2.1 [110/4] via 12.12.12.2, 00:05:12, FastEthernet0/0
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

查看R1的ospf链路状态数据库

R1#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (10.1.2.2) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 1)   //区域1的类型1 LSA

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
10.1.2.2        10.1.2.2        930         0x80000004 0x003851 3
23.23.23.2      23.23.23.2      921         0x80000003 0x005AFB 1

		Net Link States (Area 1)  //类型3的LSA，描述区域间的路由

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
12.12.12.1      10.1.2.2        930         0x80000001 0x003778

		Summary Net Link States (Area 1)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
23.23.23.0      23.23.23.2      919         0x80000001 0x001E91
34.34.34.0      23.23.23.2      869         0x80000001 0x009AF2
40.1.1.1        23.23.23.2      824         0x80000001 0x004681
40.1.2.1        23.23.23.2      814         0x80000001 0x003B8B

查看R4的路由表和ospf链路状态数据库

R4#show ip route 

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       34.34.34.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 34.34.34.3, 00:15:36, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       40.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       40.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
     10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O IA    10.1.2.2 [110/4] via 34.34.34.3, 00:15:36, FastEthernet0/0
O IA    10.1.1.1 [110/4] via 34.34.34.3, 00:15:37, FastEthernet0/0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.0 [110/3] via 34.34.34.3, 00:15:37, FastEthernet0/0

R4#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (40.1.2.1) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      1026        0x80000002 0x000586 1
40.1.2.1        40.1.2.1        1004        0x80000004 0x000783 3

		Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      1026        0x80000001 0x00AE23

		Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.1.1.1        34.34.34.3      1061        0x80000001 0x00BE05
10.1.2.2        34.34.34.3      1061        0x80000001 0x00A918
12.12.12.0      34.34.34.3      1061        0x80000001 0x00A607
23.23.23.0      34.34.34.3      1066        0x80000001 0x000F7E

可以发现R4路由器学习到area1区域的具体路由。

其实，可以通过在R2（ABR）上对area1的路由进行汇总，通过汇总可以有效的减少路由表大小，限制LSA扩散。

步骤3:配置R2的区域汇总

R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#area 1 range 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0

再次查看R4路由表和链路状态数据库

R4#show ip route   

Gateway of last resort is not set

     34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       34.34.34.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
     23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    23.23.23.0 [110/2] via 34.34.34.3, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
     40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       40.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
C       40.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
     10.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    10.1.0.0 [110/4] via 34.34.34.3, 00:00:01, FastEthernet0/0
//area 1的路由已经成功地被汇总。如果area 1存在多条路由的话，这样做是很有实际意义的
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
O IA    12.12.12.0 [110/3] via 34.34.34.3, 00:00:03, FastEthernet0/0

R4#show ip ospf database 

            OSPF Router with ID (40.1.2.1) (Process ID 1)

		Router Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      1750        0x80000002 0x000586 1
40.1.2.1        40.1.2.1        1729        0x80000004 0x000783 3

		Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
34.34.34.3      34.34.34.3      1750        0x80000001 0x00AE23

		Summary Net Link States (Area 2)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.1.0.0        34.34.34.3      158         0x80000001 0x00D3F1
//对于area 1区域仅有一条类型3的LSA
12.12.12.0      34.34.34.3      1786        0x80000001 0x00A607
23.23.23.0      34.34.34.3      1791        0x80000001 0x000F7E