华为ENSP--多区域OSPF路由协议实验详解

目录

前言

项目背景

实验拓扑

项目目标

前期准备

项目核心(OSPF)

交换机VLAN规划和接口地址表

设备接口连接规划表

设备接口IP地址规划表

项目步骤

准备工作

(1)配置VLAN

S1配置

S2配置

S3配置

S5配置

S6配置

验证

(2)配置MSTP

S1配置

S2配置

S3配置

验证

(3)配置IP地址

SZ配置

GZ配置

BJ配置

LSP配置

S1配置

S2配置

S5配置

S6配置

以PC1为例,配置IP地址、掩码、网关

验证

(4)配置VRRP

S1配置

S2配置

验证

(5)配置NAT

SZ配置

项目核心(OSPF)

(1)配置OSPF基本功能

SZ配置

GZ配置

BJ配置

S1配置

S2配置

S5配置

S6配置

(2)配置OSPF Stub区域

SZ配置

BJ配置

S6配置

(3)配置OSPF验证

(4)配置OSPF路由聚合

SZ配置

(5)配置OSPF默认路由注入

SZ配置

(6)控制OSPF DR选举

SZ配置

(7)调控OSPF计时器

SZ配置

BJ配置


前言

        在学习OSPF路由协议的时候,刚好学校课程老师在讲解OSPF路由协议,所以听了个大概后,布置了个实验,其实也就是实现课本上的实验拓扑图,但是这个实验又不完全是OSPF路由协议,还有关于一些多生成树MSTP、虚拟路由冗余协议VRRP等等配置。(我是到处都学一点,像STP一些杂乱的东西,所以在这里重新总结一下)

项目背景

        为了确保资源共享、办公自动化和节省人力成本,公司E申请两条专线将深圳总部和广州、北京两家分公司网络连接起来。张同学正在该公司实习,为了提高实际工作的准确性和工作效率,项目经理安排他在实验室环境下完成测试,为设备上线运行奠定坚实的基础。小张用1台路由器模拟ISP的网络,总部通过静态默认路由实现到ISP的连接。分公司和总部内部网络通过三层交换机实现VLAN间路由,总部和分公司运行OSPF路由协议实现网络互联。

实验拓扑

项目目标

前期准备

  1. VLAN部署:在总部和分公司相应交换机上完成VLAN相关配置,包括VLAN创建和端口划分、Trunk配置等。在交换机S1和S2之间链路配置链路聚合
  2. MSTP部署:在交换机S1、S2和S3上配置MSTP,通过实例1(VLAN12和VLAN13)和实例2(VLAN14和VLAN15)选举不同的根桥实现负载分担。交换机S1是实例1的根桥(优先级为4096),是实例2的次根桥(优先级为8192);交换机S2是实例1的次根桥(优先级为8192),是实例2的根桥(优先级为4096)
  3. IP地址部署:在总部和分公司设备上完成IP地址配置,包括配置路由器接口的IP地址、三层交换机创建VLANIF并配置IP地址以及配置计算机和服务器的IP地址、子网掩码和网关
  4. VRRP部署:总部核心交换机S1和S2配置VRRP,为各个VLAN主机提供冗余网关。通过配置使得交换机S1作为VLAN12和VLAN13的Master,交换机S2作为VLAN14和VLAN15的Master。确保每个VLAN的VRRP的Master和MSTP的根一致
  5. NAT部署:配置NAT,使得总部和分公司的主机可以通过路由器SZ访问Internet

项目核心(OSPF)

  1. 配置OSPF基本功能:创建OSPF进程,手动指定Router ID、修改OSPF计算度量值参考带宽为1000Mbit/s、激活运行OSPF的路由器接口等。广州和深圳网络划分到OSPF区域1,深圳和北京网络划分到OSPF区域2,深圳总部网络划分到OSPF区域0。为了减少向局域网发送不必要的OSPF更新,将分公司交换机适当接口配置为静默接口
  2. 配置Stub区域:将区域2配置为完全末节区域
  3. 配置OSPF验证:为了提高网络安全性,在深圳总部到分公司的两条链路上,配置OSPF MD5验证。在深圳总部的OSPF区域0设备上配置MD5验证
  4. 配置OSPF路由聚合:在路由器SZ上分别配置OSPF区域0、1和2的ABR路由聚合,以便减少路由表大小,提高路由查找效率
  5. 配置OSPF默认路由注入:在路由器SZ上配置指向ISP的静态默认路由,并向OSPF网络注入默认路由
  6. 控制OSPF DR选举:控制DR选举,使得路由器SZ成为连接三层交换机S1和S2的相应网段的DR
  7. 调整OSPF计时器:在深圳和北京连接的链路上,将接口发送Hello报文间隔改为5秒,Dead时间改为20秒

交换机VLAN规划和接口地址表

设备VLAN IDIP地址段VLAN接口地址
S1VLAN 210.2.2.0/3010.2.2.2/30
VLAN 1210.1.12.0/2410.1.12.252/24
VLAN 1310.1.13.0/2410.1.13.252/24
VLAN 1410.1.14.0/2410.1.14.252/24
VLAN 1510.1.15.0/2410.1.15.252/24
S2VLAN 310.2.3.0/3010.2.3.2/30
VLAN 1210.1.12.0/2410.1.12.253/24
VLAN 1310.1.13.0/2410.1.13.253/24
VLAN 1410.1.14.0/2410.1.14.253/24
VLAN 1510.1.15.0/2410.1.15.253/24
S3VLAN 1210.1.12.0/2410.1.12.254/24
VLAN 1310.1.13.0/2410.1.13.254/24
VLAN 1410.1.14.0/2410.1.14.254/24
VLAN 1510.1.15.0/2410.1.15.254/24
S5VLAN 22172.16.8.0/24172.16.8.254/24
VLAN 33172.16.9.0/24172.16.9.254/24
VLAN 44172.16.10.0/24172.16.10.254/24
VLAN 55172.16.11.0/24172.16.11.254/24
VLAN 66172.16.6.0/30172.16.6.2/30
S6VLAN 223192.168.2.0/24192.168.2.254/24
VLAN 333192.168.3.0/24192.168.3.254/24
VLAN 666192.168.6.0/30192.168.6.2/30

设备接口连接规划表

设备接口接口类型VLAN链路聚合对端设备及接口
S1G0/0/1AccessVLAN 2SZ G0/0/2
G0/0/2TrunkS3 G0/0/2
G0/0/10TrunkS2 G0/0/10
G0/0/11TrunkS2 G0/0/11
S2G0/0/1AccessVLAN 3SZ G0/0/2
G0/0/2TrunkS3 G0/0/2
G0/0/10TrunkS2 G0/0/10
G0/0/11TrunkS2 G0/0/11
S3Ethernet0/0/1AccessVLAN 12PC1
Ethernet0/0/2AccessVLAN 13PC9
Ethernet0/0/3AccessVLAN 14PC10
Ethernet0/0/4AccessVLAN 15Server1
G0/0/1TrunkS2 G0/0/2
G0/0/2TrunkS1 G0/0/2
S5G0/0/1AccessVLAN 66GZ G0/0/1
G0/0/2AccessVLAN 22PC2
G0/0/3AccessVLAN 33PC3
G0/0/4AccessVLAN 44PC7
G0/0/5AccessVLAN 55PC8
S6G0/0/1AccessVLAN 666BJ G0/0/0
G0/0/2AccessVLAN 222PC4
G0/0/3AccessVLAN 333PC5
SZG0/0/0GZ G0/0/0
G0/0/1BJ G0/0/1
G0/0/2S1 G0/0/1
G4/0/1S2 G0/0/1
G4/0/0LSP G0/0/1
GZG0/0/0SZ G0/0/0
G0/0/1S5 G0/0/1
BJG0/0/0S6 G0/0/0
G0/0/1SZ G0/0/1
LSPG0/0/0SZ G4/0/0
LoopBack0

设备接口IP地址规划表

设备接口IP地址备注
SZG0/0/0172.16.12.2/30
G0/0/1192.168.12.1/30
G0/0/210.2.2.1/30
G4/0/110.2.3.1/30
G4/0/0218.18.12.1/30
GZG0/0/0172.16.12.1/30
G0/0/1172.16.6.2/30
BJG0/0/0192.168.6.1/30
G0/0/1192.168.12.2/30
LSPG0/0/1218.18.12.2/30
LoopBack08.8.8.8/24模拟Internet上主机
PC110.1.12.100/24网关:10.1.12.254
PC2172.16.8.100/24网关:172.16.8.254
PC3172.16.9.100/24网关:172.16.9.254
PC4192.168.2.100/24网关:192.168.2.254
PC5192.168.3.100/24网关:192.168.3.254
PC7172.16.10.100/24网关:172.16.10.254
PC8172.16.11.100/24网关:172.16.11.254
PC910.1.13.100/24网关:10.1.13.254
PC1010.1.14.100/24网关:10.1.14.254
Server110.1.15.100/24网关:10.1.15.254

别问为什么PC机的序号是乱的,因为我是乱放的。。。

项目步骤

准备工作

 (1)配置VLAN

        在总部和分公司相应交换机上完成VLAN相关配置,包括VLAN创建和端口划分、Trunk配置。在交换机S1和S2之间链路配置链路聚合

S1配置
[S1]vlan batch 2 12 to 15
[S1]interface Eth-Trunk1
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
# 设置负载均衡策略为源MAC和目的MAC
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]load-balance src-dst-mac
[S1-Eth-Trunk1]quit

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

# 将G0/0/10和G0/0/11接口加入链路聚合组1
[S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]quit

[S1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]eth-trunk 1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]quit
S2配置
[S2]vlan batch 2 to 3 12 to 15
[S2]interface Eth-Trunk1
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port link-type trunk
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]load-balance src-dst-mac
[S2-Eth-Trunk1]quit

[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 3
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

# 将G0/0/10和G0/0/11加入链路聚合组1
[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/10
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]eth-trunk 1
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]quit

[S2]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/11
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]eth-trunk 1
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/11]quit
S3配置

其实这里的S3交换机就是二层(傻瓜)交换机

[S3]vlan batch 12 to 15
[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/1
[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 12
[S3-Ethernet0/0/1]quit

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/2
[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 13
[S3-Ethernet0/0/2]quit

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/3
[S3-Ethernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S3-Ethernet0/0/3]port default vlan 14
[S3-Ethernet0/0/3]quit

[S3]interface Ethernet0/0/4
[S3-Ethernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[S3-Ethernet0/0/4]port default vlan 15
[S3-Ethernet0/0/4]quit

[S3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[S3]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 4094
[S3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit
S5配置
[S5]vlan batch 22 33 44 55 66
[S5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 66
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 22
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[S5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 33
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit

[S5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/4
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 44
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]quit

[S5]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/5
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-type access
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port default vlan 55
[S5-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]quit
S6配置
[S6]vlan batch 222 333 666
[S6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 666
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[S6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 222
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[S6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type access
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan 333
[S6-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]quit
验证

可以用以下三个命令验证是否配置好

# 验证VLAN配置
[S1]display vlan 

# 验证Eth-Trunk配置
[S1]display eth-trunk 1

# 验证Trunk配置
[S1]display port vlan 

(2)配置MSTP

        在交换机S1、S2和S3上配置MSTP,通过实例1(VLAN12和VLAN13)和实例2(VLAN14和VLAN15)选举不同的根桥实现负载分担。交换机S1是实例1的根桥(优先级为4096),是实例2的次根桥(优先级为8192);交换机S2是实例1的次根桥(优先级为8192),是实例2的根桥(优先级为4096)

S1配置
# 配置实例优先级
[S1]stp instance 1 priority 4096
[S1]stp instance 2 priority 8192
# 进入STP区域配置模式
[S1]stp region-configuration

# 设置MSTP区域名称为HQ
[S1-mst-region]region-name HQ

# 将VLAN 12和13分配到实例1
[S1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 12 to 13

# 将VLAN 14和15分配到实例2
[S1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 14 to 15

# 激活MSTP区域配置
[S1-mst-region]active region-configuration
[S1-mst-region]quit
S2配置
# 配置实例优先级
[S2]stp instance 1 priority 8192
[S2]stp instance 2 priority 4096

# 进入STP区域配置模式
[S2]stp region-configuration

# 设置MSTP区域名称为HQ
[S2-mst-region]region-name HQ

# 将VLAN 12和13分配到实例1
[S2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 12 to 13

# 将VLAN 14和15分配到实例2
[S2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 14 to 15

# 激活MSTP区域配置
[S2-mst-region]active region-configuration
[S2-mst-region]quit
S3配置
[S3]stp region-configuration
[S3-mst-region]region-name HQ
[S3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 12 to 13
[S3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 14 to 15
[S3-mst-region]active region-configuration
[S3-mst-region]
验证
[S1]display stp brief 
 MSTID  Port                    Role   STP State           Protection
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/1        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   0    Eth-Trunk1                ROOT  FORWARDING     NONE
   1    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   1    Eth-Trunk1               DESI  FORWARDING       NONE
   2    GigabitEthernet0/0/2        DESI  FORWARDING      NONE
   2    Eth-Trunk1               ROOT  FORWARDING      NONE

(3)配置IP地址

        在总部和分公司设备上完成IP地址配置,包括配置路由器接口的IP地址、三层交换机创建VLANIF并配置IP地址以及配置计算机和服务器的IP地址、子网掩码和网关

SZ配置
[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.12.2 255.255.255.252 
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.252 
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.252 
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet4/0/1
[SZ-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ip address 10.2.3.1 255.255.255.252 
[SZ-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]quit

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0
[SZ-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]ip address 218.18.12.1 255.255.255.252 
[SZ-GigabitEthernet2/0/0]quit
GZ配置
[GZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.252 
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[GZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.6.2 255.255.255.252 
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
BJ配置
[BJ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.252 
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[BJ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.252
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
LSP配置
[ISP]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 218.18.12.2 255.255.255.252 
[ISP-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

# 配置环回地址
[ISP]interface LoopBack0
[ISP-LoopBack0]ip address 8.8.8.8 255.255.255.0 
[ISP-LoopBack0]quit
S1配置
[S1]interface Vlanif2
[S1-Vlanif2]ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.252
[S1-Vlanif2]quit

[S1]interface Vlanif12
[S1-Vlanif12]ip address 10.1.12.252 255.255.255.0
[S1-Vlanif12]quit

[S1]interface Vlanif13
[S1-Vlanif13]ip address 10.1.13.252 255.255.255.0
[S1-Vlanif13]quit

[S1]interface Vlanif14
[S1-Vlanif14]ip address 10.1.14.252 255.255.255.0
[S1-Vlanif14]quit

[S1]interface Vlanif15
[S1-Vlanif15]ip address 10.1.15.252 255.255.255.0
[S1-Vlanif15]quit
S2配置
[S2]interface Vlanif3
[S2-Vlanif3]ip address 10.2.3.2 255.255.255.252
[S2-Vlanif3]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif12
[S2-Vlanif12]ip address 10.1.12.253 255.255.255.0
[S2-Vlanif12]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif13
[S2-Vlanif13]ip address 10.1.13.253 255.255.255.0
[S2-Vlanif13]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif14
[S2-Vlanif14]ip address 10.1.14.253 255.255.255.0
[S2-Vlanif14]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif15
[S2-Vlanif15]ip address 10.1.15.253 255.255.255.0
[S2-Vlanif15]quit
S5配置
[S5]interface Vlanif22
[S5-Vlanif2]ip address 172.16.8.254 255.255.255.0
[S5-Vlanif2]quit

[S5]interface Vlanif33
[S5-Vlanif3]ip address 172.16.9.254 255.255.255.0
[S5-Vlanif3]quit

[S5]interface Vlanif44
[S5-Vlanif4]ip address 172.16.10.254 255.255.255.0
[S5-Vlanif4]quit

[S5]interface Vlanif55
[S5-Vlanif5]ip address 172.16.11.254 255.255.255.0
[S5-Vlanif5]quit

[S5]interface Vlanif66
[S5-Vlanif6]ip address 172.16.6.1 255.255.255.252
[S5-Vlanif6]quit
S6配置
[S6]interface Vlanif222
[S6-Vlanif2]ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
[S6-Vlanif2]quit

[S6]interface Vlanif333
[S6-Vlanif3]ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0
[S6-Vlanif3]quit

[S6]interface Vlanif666
[S6-Vlanif6]ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.252
[S6-Vlanif6]quit
以PC1为例,配置IP地址、掩码、网关

验证

(4)配置VRRP

        总部核心交换机S1和S2配置VRRP,为各个VLAN主机提供冗余网关。通过配置使得交换机S1作为VLAN12和VLAN13的Master,交换机S2作为VLAN14和VLAN15的Master。确保每个VLAN的VRRP的Master和MSTP的根一致

S1配置
# 配置VLAN 12接口的VRRP组
[S1]interface Vlanif12
[S1-Vlanif12]vrrp vrid 12 virtual-ip 10.1.12.254
[S1-Vlanif12]vrrp vrid 12 priority 120
[S1-Vlanif12]quit

# 配置VLAN 13接口的VRRP组
[S1]interface Vlanif13
[S1-Vlanif13]vrrp vrid 13 virtual-ip 10.1.13.254
[S1-Vlanif13]vrrp vrid 13 priority 120
[S1-Vlanif13]quit

# 配置VLAN 14接口的VRRP组
[S1]interface Vlanif14
[S1-Vlanif14]vrrp vrid 14 virtual-ip 10.1.14.254
[S1-Vlanif14]quit

# 配置VLAN 15接口的VRRP组
[S1]interface Vlanif15
[S1-Vlanif15]vrrp vrid 15 virtual-ip 10.1.15.254
[S1-Vlanif15]quit
S2配置
[S2]interface Vlanif12
[S2-Vlanif12]vrrp vrid 12 virtual-ip 10.1.12.254
[S2-Vlanif12]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif13
[S2-Vlanif13]vrrp vrid 13 virtual-ip 10.1.13.254
[S2-Vlanif13]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif14
[S2-Vlanif14]vrrp vrid 14 virtual-ip 10.1.14.254
[S2-Vlanif14]vrrp vrid 14 priority 120
[S2-Vlanif14]quit

[S2]interface Vlanif15
[S2-Vlanif15]vrrp vrid 15 virtual-ip 10.1.15.254
[S2-Vlanif15]vrrp vrid 15 priority 120
[S2-Vlanif15]quit
验证

(5)配置NAT

        配置NAT使得总部和分公司的主机可以通过路由器SZ访问Internet

SZ配置
[SZ]acl number 2000  
[SZ-acl-basic-2000]rule 10 permit source 192.168.2.0 0.0.1.255 
[SZ-acl-basic-2000]rule 20 permit source 172.16.8.0 0.0.3.255 
[SZ-acl-basic-2000]rule 30 permit source 10.1.12.0 0.0.3.255 
[SZ-acl-basic-2000]quit
[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0
[SZ-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[SZ-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]quit

项目核心(OSPF)

(1)配置OSPF基本功能

配置OSPF时,可以将拓扑图简化为

        3台路由器和4台交换机配置基本OSPF,包括创建OSPF进程,手动指定Router ID、修改度量值计算的参考带宽、激活运行OSPF的路由器接口以及配置静默接口等

SZ配置
[SZ]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[SZ-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000 
[SZ-ospf-1]area 0  
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.2.1 0.0.0.0 
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.3.1 0.0.0.0 
[SZ-ospf-1]area 1
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.12.2 0.0.0.0  
[SZ-ospf-1]area 2 
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.12.1 0.0.0.0
GZ配置
[GZ]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 
[GZ-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[GZ-ospf-1]area 1 
[GZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.6.2 0.0.0.0 
[GZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.12.1 0.0.0.0
BJ配置
[BJ]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 
[BJ-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[BJ-ospf-1]area 2  
[BJ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.6.1 0.0.0.0 
[BJ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.12.2 0.0.0.0
S1配置
[S1]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[S1-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[S1-ospf-1]area 0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.12.252 0.0.0.0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.13.252 0.0.0.0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.14.252 0.0.0.0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.15.252 0.0.0.0
S2配置
[S2]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[S2-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[S2-ospf-1]area 0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.3.2 0.0.0.0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.12.253 0.0.0.0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.13.253 0.0.0.0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.14.253 0.0.0.0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.15.253 0.0.0.0
S5配置
[S5]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[S5-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif22 
[S5-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif33
[S5-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif44
[S5-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif55
[S5-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[S5-ospf-1]area 1
[S5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.6.1 0.0.0.0
[S5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.8.254 0.0.0.0
[S5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.9.254 0.0.0.0
[S5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.10.254 0.0.0.0
[S5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.11.254 0.0.0.0
S6配置
[S6]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[S6-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif222
[S6-ospf-1]silent-interface Vlanif333
[S6-ospf-1]bandwidth-reference 1000
[S6-ospf-1]area 2
[S6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.6.2 0.0.0.0
[S6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.2.254 0.0.0.0
[S6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 192.168.3.254 0.0.0.0

(2)配置OSPF Stub区域

        配置OSPF 特殊区域,将区域2配置为完全末节区域

SZ配置
[SZ-ospf-1]area 2 
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub no-summary
BJ配置
[BJ-ospf-1]area2 
[BJ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub
S6配置
[S6-ospf-1]area 2
[S6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]stub

(3)配置OSPF验证

        在深圳总部到广州分公司和北京分公司的两条链路上配置OSPF的MD5验证

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[GZ]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[GZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[BJ]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

        在深圳总部的设备SZ、S1、S2上配置OSPF Area 0的MD5验证

# 配置OSPF Area0 的MD5验证
[SZ]ospf 1
[SZ-ospf-1]area 0
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[S1]ospf 1
[S1-ospf-1]area 0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

[S2]ospf 1
[S2-ospf-1]area 0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

(4)配置OSPF路由聚合

        在路由器SZ上分别配置OSPF区域0、1和2的ABR路由聚合,以便减少路由表大小,提高路由查找效率

SZ配置
[SZ-ospf-1]area 0  
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]abr-summary 10.1.12.0 255.255.252.0 
[SZ-ospf-1]area 1
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.8.0 255.255.252.0
[SZ-ospf-1]area 2 
[SZ-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 192.168.2.0 255.255.254.0

(5)配置OSPF默认路由注入

        在路由器SZ上配置指向ISP的静态默认路由,并向OSPF网络注入默认路由

SZ配置
[SZ]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 218.18.12.2
[SZ]ospf 1 
[SZ-ospf-1]default-route-advertise

(6)控制OSPF DR选举

        控制OSPF DR选举,使得路由器SZ成为连接三层交换机S1和S2的相应网段的DR

SZ配置
[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ospf dr-priority 2  
[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet1/0/0
[SZ-GigabitEthernet1/0/0]ospf dr-priority 2

(7)调控OSPF计时器

        调整OSPF接口计时器参数,在路由器SZ和BJ之间链路上调整OSPF计时器参数

SZ配置
[SZ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5  
[SZ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer dead 20 
BJ配置
[BJ]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[BJ-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer dead 20

基本上就是这样,至于剩下的查看LSDB等信息,就不在这里进行查询了(可以下载实验包,自己搞)

实验包

配置多区域OSPF实现企业网络互连icon-default.png?t=O83Ahttps://www.alipan.com/s/KWfKyTVaorN

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