SpringMVC的九大组件初始化

Dispatcher中有几个引用类型的属性：SpringMVC的九大组件

SpringMVC在工作的时候，关键位置都是由这些组件完成的

public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    
//文件上传解析器
@Nullable
private MultipartResolver multipartResolver;

//区域信息解析器（国际化有关）
@Nullable
private LocaleResolver localeResolver;

//主题解析器:强大的主题效果更换 
@Nullable
private ThemeResolver themeResolver;

//Handler映射信息（controller）
@Nullable
private List<HandlerMapping> handlerMappings;

//Handler的适配器
@Nullable
private List<HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters;

//处理器异常解析器 —— SpringMVC强大的异常解析功能
@Nullable
private List<HandlerExceptionResolver> handlerExceptionResolvers;

//请求视图名转换（void） 没啥用
@Nullable
private RequestToViewNameTranslator viewNameTranslator;

//FlashMap + Manager SpringMVC允许重定向携带数据的功能 
@Nullable
private FlashMapManager flashMapManager;

//视图解析器
@Nullable
private List<ViewResolver> viewResolvers;
    
}

共同点：九大组件全是接口，接口就是规范，提供了很强的扩展性

DispatcherServlet中九大组件初始化的地方

@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
   initStrategies(context);
}

protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
    //九大组件初始化的地方
    initMultipartResolver(context);
    initLocaleResolver(context);
    initThemeResolver(context);
    initHandlerMappings(context);
    initHandlerAdapters(context);
    initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    initViewResolvers(context);
    initFlashMapManager(context);
}

下面以初始化initHandlerMappings(context);为例来看一下

private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
   this.handlerMappings = null;
    
   //this.detectAllHandlerMappings默认为true（上面写死的，可在配置文件中修改）
   if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
      //找IOC中所有的 HandlerMapping
      Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
            BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
       //找到了 就赋值属性
      if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
         this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
         // We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
         AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
      }
   }
   //this.detectAllHandlerMappings不为true 则在IOC中找对应ID的HandlerMapping
   else {
      try {
         HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
         this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
      }
      catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
         // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
      }
   }

   //如果以上都没有，就得到一个默认的HandlerMapping
   if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
      this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
      if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
         logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
               "': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
      }
   }
}

如果没有HandlerMapping采取的默认策略：加载该类下的DispatcherServlet.properties配置作为默认策略

private static final Properties defaultStrategies;

static {
   try {
      ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, DispatcherServlet.class);
      defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
   }
   catch (IOException ex) {
      throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load '" + DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH + "': " + ex.getMessage());
   }
}

总结：组件的初始化就是去容器中找到这个组件，如果没有找到就用默认配置或者不配置