LVM原理

LVM原理

PV(physical volume)：物理卷在逻辑卷管理系统最底层，可为整个物理硬盘或实际物理硬盘上的分区。
VG(volume group)：卷组建立在物理卷上，一卷组中至少要包括一物理卷，卷组建立后可动态的添加卷到卷组中，一个逻辑卷管理系统工程中可有多个卷组。
LV(logical volume)：逻辑卷建立在卷组基础上，卷组中未分配空间可用于建立新的逻辑卷，逻辑卷建立后可以动态扩展和缩小空间。

不同的物理卷可以构成卷组，逻辑卷则是对卷组进行详细的划分，一个卷组可划分为多个逻辑卷。

1.创建物理卷PV

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda
  Physical volume "/dev/sda" successfully created.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n2
WARNING: dos signature detected on /dev/nvme0n2 at offset 510. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping dos signature on /dev/nvme0n2.
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n2" successfully created.

[root@localhost ~]# pvs          查看物理卷信息
  PV             VG   Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree 
  /dev/nvme0n1p2 rhel lvm2 a--  <49.00g     0 
  /dev/nvme0n2        lvm2 ---   20.00g 20.00g
  /dev/sda            lvm2 ---    5.00g  5.00g
[root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay    查看更详细的物理卷信息

2.创建卷组VG

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vgname /dev/sda /dev/nvme0n2   //vgname表示所取得卷组名
  Volume group "vgname" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree 
  rhel     1   2   0 wz--n- <49.00g     0 
  vgname   2   0   0 wz--n-  24.99g 24.99g
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay

3.创建逻辑卷LV（Logical Volumes）

-n表示逻辑卷取的名字 -L表示所分配的大小 vgname表示在vg为vgname上分配 //xfs不支持缩小

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lv1 -L 5G vgname
WARNING: LVM2_member signature detected on /dev/vgname/lv1 at offset 536. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping LVM2_member signature on /dev/vgname/lv1.
  Logical volume "lv1" created.

[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root rhel   -wi-ao---- <45.06g                                                    
  swap rhel   -wi-ao----  <3.94g                                                    
  lv1  vgname -wi-a-----   5.00g      

查看LV信息

[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 23 06:51 /dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 -> ../dm-2
[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/vgname/lv1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Nov 23 06:51 /dev/vgname/lv1 -> ../dm-2

4.格式化逻辑卷lv1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

5.挂载

[root@localhost /]# mkdir haha
[root@localhost /]# mount /dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 /haha
[root@localhost /]# df -h
Filesystem              Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                1.8G     0  1.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                   1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   1.9G  9.9M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                   1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/rhel-root    46G  4.8G   41G  11% /
/dev/nvme0n1p1         1014M  240M  775M  24% /boot
tmpfs                   371M  1.2M  370M   1% /run/user/42
tmpfs                   371M  6.8M  365M   2% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0                8.9G  8.9G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-8-3-0-BaseOS-x86_64
/dev/mapper/vgname-lv1  5.0G   68M  5.0G   2% /haha

删除lvm步骤

1.取消挂载

[root@localhost /]# umount /dev/mapper/vgname-lv1 

2.删除LV

[root@localhost /]# lvremove /dev/vgname/lv1 
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vgname/lv1? [y/n]: y
  Logical volume "lv1" successfully removed

3.删除VG

[root@localhost /]# vgremove vgname
  Volume group "vgname" successfully removed

4.删除PV

[root@localhost /]# pvremove /dev/sda
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/sda" successfully wiped.
[root@localhost /]# pvremove /dev/nvme0n2
  Labels on physical volume "/dev/nvme0n2" successfully wiped.

注意：lvm进行分区时 xfs文件不支持缩小