OSPF综合实验

38cece6c3da6931698882bbfdeac2d8

一、IP地址规划

172.16.0.0/16 实验要求6个区域,借3位:

172.16.0.0/19 Area 0

172.16.0.0/25    172.16.0.128/25     172.16.1.0/25     172.16.1.128/25   ......    172.16.31.128/25

172.16.0.0/25    p2p骨干    ---    172.16.0.0/30    172.16.0.4/30   ......

172.16.0.128/25  MA骨干     ---    172.16.0.128/29      172.16.0.136/29 ......

172.16.1.0/25    172.16.1.128/25   ......   172.16.31.128/25     用户网段

172.16.32.0/19 Area 1

172.16.64.0/19 Area 2

172.16.96.0/19 Area 3

172.16.128.0/19 Area 4

172.16.160.0/19 RIP

172.16.160.0/20    172.16.176.0/20

172.16.192.0/19

172.16.224.0/19

配置公网IP

image-20220116173618866

R4:

image-20220116172925154

将R3、R5、R6、R7的缺省路由指向R4,以R7为例

image-20220116174222031

配置MGRE

R3:

[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.129 29
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.1.1.1 
Jan 16 2022 17:45:42-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic 
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R5:

[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.130 29
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source 45.1.1.1
Jan 16 2022 17:48:54-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register 
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R6:

[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.131 29
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
Jan 16 2022 17:52:23-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register 
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

R7:

[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.132 29
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
Jan 16 2022 17:55:17-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP 
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state. 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register 
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100

测试:

image-20220116175812720

image-20220116180732661

image-20220116180820403

配置环回接口以及私网IP

Area 0:

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.1 25

[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.129 25

[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 25

Area1:

[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.1 25
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.129 29
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.129 25
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.130 29
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 25
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.131 29

Area2:

[R6]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.1 30
[R11]int LoopBack 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.65.1 25
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.5 30
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.6 30
[R12]int LoopBack 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[R12-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20

测试:

image-20220116203314514

Area3:

[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R8]int LoopBack 0 
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
[R8-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.5 30
[R9]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.6 30

测试:

image-20220116204715500

Area4:

[R9]int LoopBack 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.1 25
[R9-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.128.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R10]int LoopBack 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.129.129 25
[R10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.128.2 30 

测试:

image-20220116205607676

二、启动OSPF

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 1 
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R3-ospf-1]area 0	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.129 0.0.0.0
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net	
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]area 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]area 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2	
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.6 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R12-ospf-1]q
[R12]
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]ver 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0

三、更改R3、R5、R6、R7网络类型

以R3为例

[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast 

更改R5、R6、R7后查询R3的邻居表:

[R3]dis ospf peer b

	 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
		  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.0          Tunnel0/0/0                      5.5.5.5          Full        
 0.0.0.0          Tunnel0/0/0                      6.6.6.6          Full        
 0.0.0.0          Tunnel0/0/0                      7.7.7.7          Full        
 0.0.0.1          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             1.1.1.1          Full        
 0.0.0.1          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             2.2.2.2          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

四、让R5、R6、R7放弃选举,R3充当站点

以R5为例

[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0

更改后查看R3的邻居表:

image-20220116222919886

五、RIP重发布到OSPF

R12:

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1

在R11上查看路由表:

image-20220116224703388

六、R9单向重发布

R9中进程二和Area4沟通,进程一和其他区域沟通

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 
 area 0.0.0.3 
  network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0 
 area 0.0.0.4 
  network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255 
#
return
[R9-ospf-1]area 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255

[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255

[R9]dis ospf peer brief 

	 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 9.9.9.9
		  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.3          GigabitEthernet0/0/1             8.8.8.8          Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

	 OSPF Process 2 with Router ID 172.16.96.6
		  Peer Statistic Information
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Area Id          Interface                        Neighbor id      State    
 0.0.0.4          GigabitEthernet0/0/0             10.10.10.10      Full        
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2

在R1上查看路由表:

image-20220116230347342

七、减少LSA的更新量

1、汇总

Area1:

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1 
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0

空接口:

[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0

Area2:

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0

空接口:

[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0

Area3:

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr	
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0

空接口:

[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0

RIP区域:

[R12]ospf 1 
[R12-ospf-1]asb	
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0

Area4

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asb	
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0

汇总后查看R5的路由表:

image-20220116233541849

2、特殊区域

Area1 调位末梢区域:

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub 

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub

R3调为完全末梢

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]st	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no	
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary 

Area2调为NSSA

[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 

[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa 

R6调为完全NSSA

[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no	
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary

Area3调为NSSA

[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa 

[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa

R6调为完全NSSA

[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary

最后查看R5的路由表

image-20220117000909913

为R10添加缺省路由

[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise

八、NAT地址转换

R3:

[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

R6:

[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000

R7:

[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

测试:

R12pingR4的环回

image-20220117003324935

R1pingR4的环回

image-20220117003403600

R10pingR4的环回

image-20220117003451201

九、对Area1进行区域认证

R1:

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

R2:

[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

R3:

[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456

十、加快收敛

以R1为例

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10 

其余路由器均改为hello 10

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