一、IP地址规划
172.16.0.0/16 实验要求6个区域,借3位:
172.16.0.0/19 Area 0
172.16.0.0/25 172.16.0.128/25 172.16.1.0/25 172.16.1.128/25 ...... 172.16.31.128/25
172.16.0.0/25 p2p骨干 --- 172.16.0.0/30 172.16.0.4/30 ......
172.16.0.128/25 MA骨干 --- 172.16.0.128/29 172.16.0.136/29 ......
172.16.1.0/25 172.16.1.128/25 ...... 172.16.31.128/25 用户网段
172.16.32.0/19 Area 1
172.16.64.0/19 Area 2
172.16.96.0/19 Area 3
172.16.128.0/19 Area 4
172.16.160.0/19 RIP
172.16.160.0/20 172.16.176.0/20
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
配置公网IP
R4:
将R3、R5、R6、R7的缺省路由指向R4,以R7为例
配置MGRE
R3:
[R3]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.129 29
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.1.1.1
Jan 16 2022 17:45:42-08:00 R3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
R5:
[R5]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.130 29
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source 45.1.1.1
Jan 16 2022 17:48:54-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
R6:
[R6]int t 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.131 29
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
Jan 16 2022 17:52:23-08:00 R6 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
R7:
[R7]int Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip ad 172.16.0.132 29
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source g0/0/0
Jan 16 2022 17:55:17-08:00 R7 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface Tunnel0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.129 34.1.1.1 register
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
测试:
配置环回接口以及私网IP
Area 0:
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.1 25
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.1.129 25
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 25
Area1:
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.1 25
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.129 29
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.129 25
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.130 29
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 25
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.32.131 29
Area2:
[R6]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.1 30
[R11]int LoopBack 0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.65.1 25
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.5 30
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.64.6 30
[R12]int LoopBack 0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[R12-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
测试:
Area3:
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
[R8]int LoopBack 0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.97.1 29
[R8-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.5 30
[R9]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.6 30
测试:
Area4:
[R9]int LoopBack 0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.1 25
[R9-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.128.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R10]int LoopBack 0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.129.129 25
[R10-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.128.2 30
测试:
二、启动OSPF
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]q
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.129 0.0.0.0
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]net
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]q
[R9-ospf-1]area 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[R10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-1]area 4
[R10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.6 0.0.0.0
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]q
[R12-ospf-1]q
[R12]
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]ver 2
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
三、更改R3、R5、R6、R7网络类型
以R3为例
[R3]int t0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
更改R5、R6、R7后查询R3的邻居表:
[R3]dis ospf peer b
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 Tunnel0/0/0 5.5.5.5 Full
0.0.0.0 Tunnel0/0/0 6.6.6.6 Full
0.0.0.0 Tunnel0/0/0 7.7.7.7 Full
0.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 1.1.1.1 Full
0.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 2.2.2.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
四、让R5、R6、R7放弃选举,R3充当站点
以R5为例
[R5]int t0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
更改后查看R3的邻居表:
五、RIP重发布到OSPF
R12:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
在R11上查看路由表:
六、R9单向重发布
R9中进程二和Area4沟通,进程一和其他区域沟通
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]dis this
[V200R003C00]
#
ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
area 0.0.0.3
network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
area 0.0.0.4
network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
#
return
[R9-ospf-1]area 4
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]undo network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[R9-ospf-1]q
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[R9]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 9.9.9.9
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 8.8.8.8 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSPF Process 2 with Router ID 172.16.96.6
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 10.10.10.10 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
在R1上查看路由表:
七、减少LSA的更新量
1、汇总
Area1:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
空接口:
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
Area2:
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
空接口:
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
Area3:
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
空接口:
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
RIP区域:
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asb
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
Area4
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]asb
[R9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
汇总后查看R5的路由表:
2、特殊区域
Area1 调位末梢区域:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
R3调为完全末梢
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]st
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
Area2调为NSSA
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]area 2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[R11]ospf 1
[R11-ospf-1]area 2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
R6调为完全NSSA
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
Area3调为NSSA
[R8]ospf 1
[R8-ospf-1]area 3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[R9]ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]area 3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
R6调为完全NSSA
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
最后查看R5的路由表
为R10添加缺省路由
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
八、NAT地址转换
R3:
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3-acl-basic-2000]q
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
R6:
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
R7:
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7-acl-basic-2000]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
测试:
R12pingR4的环回
R1pingR4的环回
R10pingR4的环回
九、对Area1进行区域认证
R1:
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R2:
[R2]ospf 1
[R2-ospf-1]area 1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
R3:
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
十、加快收敛
以R1为例
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
其余路由器均改为hello 10