实验内容截取
实验目的
（1）理解基于事件的隐式调用软件体系结构、层次软件体系结构的原理
（2）掌握事件的隐式调用软件体系结构、层次软件体系结构的实例
（3）事件的隐式调用软件体系结构、层次软件体系结构的编程实现
实现内容
2．层次软件体系结构
基于层次软件体系结构的软件测试系统。
第一层为用户图形界面层
public class TestingGUI extends JPanel {
private JTextArea txtTestInfo, txtTestcase;
private JLabel lblTestcases;
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private JComboBox cmbTestcases;
private static final String CASE_BUBBLE = "TC1-Test Bubble Sort";
private static final String CASE_HEAP = "TC2-Test Heap Sort";
private static final String CASE_INSERTION = "TC3-Test Insertion Sort";
private static final String EXECUTE = "Execute";
private static final String EXIT = "Exit";
public TestingGUI() {
txtTestInfo = new JTextArea("Test output from source shown here\n", 6, 20);
txtTestInfo.setLineWrap(true);
txtTestcase = new JTextArea("Testcase info and test validation shown here\n", 4, 15);
txtTestcase.setLineWrap(true);
buildUpScrollGUI();
}
private void buildUpScrollGUI() {
setUpButtonPanel();
JScrollPane btnPane = new JScrollPane(buttonPanel);
JScrollPane textPane = new JScrollPane(txtTestcase);
textPane.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(250, 150));
JScrollPane testDataPane = new JScrollPane(txtTestInfo);
JSplitPane upSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT);
upSplitPane.setLeftComponent(btnPane);
upSplitPane.setRightComponent(testDataPane);
JScrollPane downPane = new JScrollPane(textPane);
Dimension minimumSize = new Dimension(130, 100);
btnPane.setMinimumSize(minimumSize);
textPane.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(100, 100));
upSplitPane.setDividerLocation(270);
upSplitPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 300));
JSplitPane bigSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT, upSplitPane, downPane);
bigSplitPane.setDividerLocation(190);
add(bigSplitPane);
setSize(new Dimension(500, 400));
setVisible(true);
}
// ......
// ......
// 略
}还有其他一些代码，我这里就不放出来了。。。
效果图和功能
选择排序算法，点击Execute，会随机生成指定长度的序列。并使用指定的排序算法进行排序。输出排序后的序列，排序耗时等信息。
这是软件体系结构这门课程的一个实验作业。给出例程的目的原本是让我们调试程序，从而理解程序隐含的软件体系结构。😂我比较强迫症，看着这多多少少有点毛病的代码，想把它改成自己满意的样子。
例程的问题
（1）每一个Testcase的实现类的代码存在大量的重复
（2）随机生成序列、排序、校验排序结果3个操作都是耗时操作，然而这3个操作都以同步的方式放在主线程中。当数据量较大，经我测试，当数组元素个数为10万时，点击一次执行，会造成较长时间的阻塞。当快速多次点击执行，程序崩溃，界面卡住不动。
优化方案
（1）将重复代码抽离出来放到父类，只需要将实例化算法对象的操作交由子类实现即可。
（2）每一次execute操作都有独立的线程异步操作。然而这时会遇到两个问题：
①异步线程何时返回结果，返回的结果如何更新到界面？
通过事件回调的方式，解决异步线程的结果返回。
②当多次点击execute后，多个线程异步操作。当某个线程已经完成，从而回调到界面，正在在界面渲染数据，此时又一个线程完成，同时又向界面渲染数据。界面的耗时渲染，让我们看到了多线程并发的界面数据错乱现象。
只需要将渲染界面的操作放在同步代码块之内即可
修改后的代码
我只贴出我有更改的类的代码。
Testcase
package demo2.test;
public interface Testcase {
void execute(int len, EventCallback callback);
interface EventCallback {
/**
* 包含了3个操作：生成指定长度的随机数列，排序，校验排序结果是否正确
* @param sortedArr 排序好的数组
* @param costTime 排序所花费的时间（不包括生成随机数列的时间和校验排序结果的时间）
* @param isCorrect 排序结果是否正确
*/
void onExecuted(int[] sortedArr, long costTime, boolean isCorrect);
}
}AlgorithmTestCase
package demo2.test;
import demo2.IntegerArrGenerator;
import demo2.ResultVerification;
import demo2.algorithm.SortAlgorithm;
/**
* Testcase接口的实现类，但是个抽象类。
* 实例化算法对象的操作通过抽象方法抛给子类实现
*
* @author passerbyYSQ
* @date 2020-9-15 20:47:09
*/
public abstract class AlgorithmTestCase<T extends SortAlgorithm> implements Testcase {
protected T algorithm;
protected Context context;
protected abstract T crateAlgorithm();
@Override
public void execute(int len, EventCallback callback) {
Thread th = new Thread(new GenerateAndSortInt(len, callback));
th.start();
}
class GenerateAndSortInt implements Runnable {
long startTime;
long timeTaken = 0;
int len;
int[] arr;
EventCallback callback;
public GenerateAndSortInt(int len, EventCallback callback) {
this.len = len;
this.callback = callback;
}
@Override
public void run() {
// 耗时
arr = IntegerArrGenerator.generateInput(len);
algorithm = crateAlgorithm();
context = new Context(algorithm);
// 排序。耗时
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
arr = context.sortIntArray(arr);
long costTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
// 校验排序结果。耗时
boolean isCorrect = ResultVerification.isResultCorrect(arr);
callback.onExecuted(arr, costTime, isCorrect);
}
}
}
TestcaseBubble
package demo2.test;
import demo2.algorithm.BubbleSort;
public class TestcaseBubble extends AlgorithmTestCase<BubbleSort> {
@Override
protected BubbleSort crateAlgorithm() {
return new BubbleSort();
}
}
TestcaseHeap
package demo2.test;
import demo2.algorithm.HeapSort;
public class TestcaseHeap extends AlgorithmTestCase<HeapSort> {
@Override
protected HeapSort crateAlgorithm() {
return new HeapSort();
}
}
TestcaseInsertion
package demo2.test;
import demo2.algorithm.InsertSort;
public class TestcaseInsertion extends AlgorithmTestCase<InsertSort> {
@Override
protected InsertSort crateAlgorithm() {
return new InsertSort();
}
}
TestingGUI
package demo2;
import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JSplitPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import demo2.test.Testcase;
import demo2.test.Testcase.EventCallback;
import demo2.test.TestcaseBubble;
import demo2.test.TestcaseHeap;
import demo2.test.TestcaseInsertion;
public class TestingGUI extends JPanel {
private JTextArea txtTestInfo, txtTestcase;
private JLabel lblTestcases;
private JPanel buttonPanel;
private JComboBox cmbTestcases;
private static final String CASE_BUBBLE = "TC1-Test Bubble Sort";
private static final String CASE_HEAP = "TC2-Test Heap Sort";
private static final String CASE_INSERTION = "TC3-Test Insertion Sort";
private static final String EXECUTE = "Execute";
private static final String EXIT = "Exit";
public TestingGUI() {
txtTestInfo = new JTextArea("Test output from source shown here\n", 6, 20);
txtTestInfo.setLineWrap(true);
txtTestcase = new JTextArea("Testcase info and test validation shown here\n", 4, 15);
txtTestcase.setLineWrap(true);
buildUpScrollGUI();
}
private void buildUpScrollGUI() {
setUpButtonPanel();
JScrollPane btnPane = new JScrollPane(buttonPanel);
JScrollPane textPane = new JScrollPane(txtTestcase);
textPane.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(250, 150));
JScrollPane testDataPane = new JScrollPane(txtTestInfo);
JSplitPane upSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.HORIZONTAL_SPLIT);
upSplitPane.setLeftComponent(btnPane);
upSplitPane.setRightComponent(testDataPane);
JScrollPane downPane = new JScrollPane(textPane);
Dimension minimumSize = new Dimension(130, 100);
btnPane.setMinimumSize(minimumSize);
textPane.setMinimumSize(new Dimension(100, 100));
upSplitPane.setDividerLocation(270);
upSplitPane.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(500, 300));
JSplitPane bigSplitPane = new JSplitPane(JSplitPane.VERTICAL_SPLIT, upSplitPane, downPane);
bigSplitPane.setDividerLocation(190);
add(bigSplitPane);
setSize(new Dimension(500, 400));
setVisible(true);
}
private void setUpButtonPanel() {
lblTestcases = new JLabel("Test Cases:");
cmbTestcases = new JComboBox();
cmbTestcases.addItem(CASE_BUBBLE);
cmbTestcases.addItem(CASE_HEAP);
cmbTestcases.addItem(CASE_INSERTION);
// Create the open button
JButton executeBtn = new JButton(EXECUTE);
executeBtn.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_S);
JButton exitButton = new JButton(EXIT);
exitButton.setMnemonic(KeyEvent.VK_X);
BtnListener objButtonHandler = new BtnListener();
// add action Listener
executeBtn.addActionListener(objButtonHandler);
exitButton.addActionListener(objButtonHandler);
buttonPanel = new JPanel();
GridBagLayout gridbag = new GridBagLayout();
buttonPanel.setLayout(gridbag);
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
buttonPanel.add(lblTestcases);
buttonPanel.add(cmbTestcases);
buttonPanel.add(executeBtn);
buttonPanel.add(exitButton);
gbc.insets.top = 5;
gbc.insets.bottom = 5;
gbc.insets.left = 5;
gbc.insets.right = 5;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gridbag.setConstraints(lblTestcases, gbc);
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
gbc.gridx = 1;
gbc.gridy = 0;
gridbag.setConstraints(cmbTestcases, gbc);
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
gbc.insets.left = 2;
gbc.insets.right = 2;
gbc.insets.top = 25;
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.EAST;
gbc.gridx = 0;
gbc.gridy = 7;
gridbag.setConstraints(executeBtn, gbc);
gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
gbc.gridx = 1;
gbc.gridy = 7;
gridbag.setConstraints(exitButton, gbc);
}
public void showTestInfo(int[] str) {
txtTestInfo.setText("");
for (int n = 0; n < str.length; n++)
txtTestInfo.append("" + str[n] + " ");
// StringBuilder sbd = new StringBuilder("");
// for (int n = 0; n < str.length; n++) {
// sbd.append(str[n]).append(" ");
// }
// txtTestInfo.setText(sbd.toString());
}
public void showText(String err) {
txtTestcase.append(err + "\n");
}
public String getSelectedTestcase() {
return (String) cmbTestcases.getSelectedItem();
}
/**
* 实现了EventCallback接口。当异步线程执行完成，会回调到这里的 onExecuted()方法
* @author passerbyYSQ
* @date 2020-9-15 20:56:02
*/
class BtnListener implements ActionListener, EventCallback {
private Testcase test;
private String selectedTestcase;
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getActionCommand().equals(EXIT)) {
System.exit(1);
}
if (e.getActionCommand().equals(EXECUTE)) {
selectedTestcase = getSelectedTestcase();
if (selectedTestcase.equals(CASE_BUBBLE))
test = new TestcaseBubble();
else if (selectedTestcase.equals(CASE_HEAP))
test = new TestcaseHeap();
else if (selectedTestcase.equals(CASE_INSERTION))
test = new TestcaseInsertion();
test.execute(100000, this);
}
}
/**
* 多线程并发问题：
* 假如频繁操作，导致多个数组陆续排序好。前一个数组还没操作完界面，另一个数组
* 又开始更新界面。会导致界面的数组输出错乱。
*所以操作ui的方法需要加上synchronized限定
*/
@Override
public synchronized void onExecuted(int[] sortedArr, long costTime, boolean isCorrect) {
// 更新ui最好也不要使用主线程。
int[] output = sortedArr;
showTestInfo(output);
showText(selectedTestcase);
// 结果检验也是个费时操作，不应该放到ui更新里面做。否则会出现卡顿现象
showText("No Error found = " + isCorrect);
showText("Testing Time takes = " + costTime + "\n");
}
}
private static void createAndShowGUI() {
JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);
JFrame frame = new JFrame("Layered Architecture- Software Testing");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
TestingGUI newContentPane = new TestingGUI();
newContentPane.setOpaque(true);
frame.setContentPane(newContentPane);
frame.pack();
frame.setVisible(true);
}
public static void main(String argv[]) {
javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
createAndShowGUI();
}
});
}
}
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