计算机网络学习笔记(1)——ifconfig详解

许多windows用户熟悉ipconfig命令行工具，它被用来获取网络接口配置信息并对此进行修改。当然，Mac的Linux系统依然是拥有一个类似的工具，也就是ifconfig(interfaces config)。ifconfig是linux中用于显示或配置网络设备（网络接口卡）的命令，ifconfig可设置网络设备的状态，或是显示当前的设置。

lo

lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
	options=1203<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TXSTATUS,SW_TIMESTAMP>
	inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 
	inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 
	inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 
	nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>

• LOOPBACK: 本机主机地址
• flags=8049: 网络设备状态标识
• UP:网卡处于启动状态
• LOOPBACK:IP数据包回送到本机上,通常用于测试网络配置和本地程序之间通信用
• RUNNING:代表网卡的网线被接上
• MULTICAS:网卡可以发送多播包
• mtu:最大传输单元

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 —— ipv4地址 127.0.0.1 子网掩码 255.0.0.0

inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1 —— ipv6地址

gif——software network interface 网络接口

gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280 

• POINTOPOINT: 允许2台机器点对点直连
• MULTICAS:网卡可以发送多播包
• mtu:最大传输单元

en0——以太网的相关配置

en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
	ether 08:f8:bc:6b:fe:01 
	inet6 fe80::1887:5fad:3b4a:307b%en0 prefixlen 64 secured scopeid 0x9 
	inet 10.160.223.76 netmask 0xfffe0000 broadcast 10.161.255.255
	nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
	media: autoselect
	status: active

• flags=8863:网络状态标识
• BROADCAST:有广播地址，支持发广播包
• SMART:
• RUNNING:代表网卡的网线被接上
• MULTICAS:网卡可以发送多播包
• mtu: 最大传输单元

inet 10.160.223.76 netmask 0xfffe0000 broadcast 10.161.255.255—— ipv4地址 10.160.223.76 子网掩码 广播地址

inet6 fe80::1887:5fad:3b4a:307b%en0 prefixlen 64 secured scopeid 0x9—— ipv6地址

media: autoselect—— 网络媒介类型 (可手动指定)

status: active—— 激活状态

p2p0——Point-to-Point 协议

 p2p0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 2304
	options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
	ether 0a:f8:bc:6b:fe:01 
	media: autoselect
	status: inactive

media: autoselect —— 网络媒介类型

status: inactive —— 激活状态

awdl0——airdrop peer to peer(一种mesh network)，apple airdrop设备特有

flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1484
	options=400<CHANNEL_IO>
	ether a2:ba:bb:97:aa:47 
	inet6 fe80::a0ba:bbff:fe97:aa47%awdl0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0xf 
	nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
	media: autoselect
	status: active

media: autoselect —— 网络媒介类型

status: active—— 激活状态

en1 en2

en1: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	options=460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO>
	ether 82:0c:e1:03:bc:01 
	media: autoselect <full-duplex>
	status: inactive
en2: flags=8963<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
	options=460<TSO4,TSO6,CHANNEL_IO>
	ether 82:0c:e1:03:bc:00 
	media: autoselect <full-duplex>
	status: inactive

为什么这么多en接口呢 ？运行命令行networksetup -listallhardwareports 可以查看具体接口是做什么

Hardware Port: USB 10/100/1000 LAN
Device: en5
Ethernet Address: 00:e0:4c:68:3c:f1

Hardware Port: Wi-Fi
Device: en0
Ethernet Address: 08:f8:bc:6b:fe:01

Hardware Port: Bluetooth PAN
Device: en4
Ethernet Address: e0:b5:5f:f0:c5:dc

Hardware Port: Thunderbolt 1
Device: en1
Ethernet Address: 82:0c:e1:03:bc:01

Hardware Port: Thunderbolt 2
Device: en2
Ethernet Address: 82:0c:e1:03:bc:00

Hardware Port: Thunderbolt Bridge
Device: bridge0
Ethernet Address: 82:0c:e1:03:bc:01

最后发现Wi-Fi，蓝牙和雷电口等接口。