Spring02：快速上手Spring

Spring02：快速上手Spring

新建项目

依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.3.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.16</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

实体类

@Data
public class Hello {
    private String name;

   public void show(){
       System.out.println("Hello"+name);
   }
}

注入对象

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--bean就是java对象 , 由Spring创建和管理-->
    <bean id="hello" class="com.wgg.pojo.Hello">
        <property name="name" value="张三"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试获取对象

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void testObject(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        Hello hello = (Hello)context.getBean("hello");
        hello.show();

    }
}

1. hello对象由Spring创建
2. hello对象的属性由Spring容器设置

IOC控制反转：

控制：由Spring来创建对象，原来为程序本身创建

反转：程序本身被动接收对象

依赖注入DI：本质是利用set()方法注入，所以实体类属性要有set()方法

Spring01中修改

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="MysqlImpl" class="com.wgg.dao.UserDaoMySqlImpl"/>
    <bean id="OracleImpl" class="com.wgg.dao.UserDaoOracleImpl"/>

    <bean id="ServiceImpl" class="com.wgg.service.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="userDao" ref="OracleImpl"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试

@Test
public void testGetUser() {

    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

    UserServiceImpl serviceImpl = (UserServiceImpl) context.getBean("ServiceImpl");
    serviceImpl.getUser();
}

IOC创建对象的方式

构造器注入

无参构造器

实体类

@Data
public class User {
    private String name;

    public User(){
        System.out.println("user无参构造方法");
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="user" class="com.wgg.pojo.User">
        <property name="name" value="李四"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

@Test
public void testObject(){
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
    user.show();
}

在调用show方法之前，User对象已经通过无参构造初始化了（构造器用于创建对象）

有参构造器

@Data
public class User {
    private String name;

    public User(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("name="+name);
    }

}

根据有参构造参数下标

<!--index指构造方法，下标从0开始-->
<bean id="user" class="com.wgg.pojo.User">
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="王五"/>
</bean>

根据有参的参数名字

<bean id="user" class="com.wgg.pojo.User">
    <constructor-arg name="name" value="老六"/>
</bean>

根据有参的参数类型

<bean id="user" class="com.wgg.pojo.User">
    <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="阿七"/>
</bean>

测试

@Test
public void testObject(){
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    User user = (User) context.getBean("user");
    user.show();
}

根据参数下标再理解

@Data
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    public User(String name){
        this.name=name;
    }

    public User(int id,String name,String pwd){
        this.id=id;
        this.name=name;
        this.pwd=pwd;
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("id="+id);
        System.out.println("name="+name);
        System.out.println("pwd="+pwd);
    }

}

beans.xml

<!--index指构造方法，下标从0开始-->
<bean id="user" class="com.wgg.pojo.User">
    <constructor-arg index="0" value="1"/>
    <constructor-arg index="1" value="王五"/>
    <constructor-arg index="2" value="wangwu"/>
</bean>

设置别名

<alias name="user" alias="userNew"/>

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void testObject(){
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        User user = (User) context.getBean("userNew");
        user.show();
    }
}

id和name

   <bean id="hello" name="hello2 h2,h3;h4" class="com.wgg.pojo.Hello">
        <property name="name" value="名字"/>
    </bean>

1. id要唯一
2. id和name一起配置时name的优先级高
3. 也可以用User.class获取对象

import导入

使用import导入多个

<import resource="classpath:/beans.xml"/>