一、问题描述
1,编译生成一个动态库后,没有报错信息,正常编译结束;
2,编写一个可执行程序,调用上述动态库,编译报错,上述动态库中类静态成员未定义;
g++ -std=c++11 -Wall -Wshadow -Wunused-value -Wextra -Waddress -Wno-implicit-fallthrough -Werror=return-type ./main.o -o test_exec -lm -L../bin/self_utility -lself_utility
/usr/bin/ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_write_file'
/usr/bin/ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_os'
/usr/bin/ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_terminal_output'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
3,使用ld(Link eDitor)链接查看动态库的完整性,发现动态库中类静态成员未定义;
sbinhuang@linux:~/Desktop/workspace/self_utility/test$ ld ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so
ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start; not setting start address
ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_write_file'
ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_os'
ld: ../bin/self_utility/libself_utility.so: undefined reference to `SelfUtility::Messages::_terminal_output'
二、问题分析
1、C++类的声明并不会进行内存空间的分配,所以类的静态成员无法在类声明中定义。
2,若只在类中声明类静态成员,不在类外定义类静态成员;导致类静态成员未定义;
// messages.h
class Messages {
public:
... ...
private:
static std::ofstream _os;
static bool _terminal_output;
static bool _write_file;
};
三、解决方案
1、在C++类中声明类静态成员。
2,在类外定义静态成员需要类内声明,类外定义类静态成员。
3,在源文件(cpp)中定义类静态成员。
4,避免在头文件中定义类静态成员,以免造成重复定义。
// messages.h
class Messages {
public:
... ...
private:
static std::ofstream _os;
static bool _terminal_output;
static bool _write_file;
};
// messages.cpp
#include "messages.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using SelfUtility::MessageType;
using SelfUtility::Messages;
// 定义类静态成员
std::ofstream Messages::_os;
bool Messages::_write_file;
bool Messages::_terminal_output;
... ...