初识Spring事务管理

事务：就是一系列的动作，被当成一个工作单元，要么全部提交，要么全部回滚。

声明式事务管理（基于注解的方式）：配置事务管理器，启用事务注解，在对应的方法上加上@Transaction注解

事务的传播行为：propagation 可取值：required（默认），required_new

事务的隔离行为

下面是对事务进行简单了解的代码：
数据库对应表：



BookShopDao

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

public interface BookShopDao {
	//根据书号获取书的单价
	public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn);
	
	//更新书的库存,使书号对应的库存减一
	public void updateBookStock(String isbn);
	
	//更新账户的余额，使username对应的balance-price
	public void updateUserAccount(String username,int price);
	
}

BookShopDaoImpl

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository("bookShopDao")
public class BookShopDaoImpl implements BookShopDao{
	
	@Autowired
	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
	
	@Override
	public int findBookPriceByIsbn(String isbn) {
		String sql = "select price from book where isbn = ?";
		return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Integer.class, isbn);
	}

	@Override
	public void updateBookStock(String isbn) {
		//检查书的库存是否足够，若不够，则抛出异常
		String sql2 = "SELECT stock FROM book_stock WHERE isbn = ?";
		int stock=jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, isbn);
		if(stock==0) {
			throw new BookStockException("库存不足！");
		}
		
		String sql = "update book_stock set stock = stock-1 where isbn = ?";
		jdbcTemplate.update(sql, isbn);
	}

	@Override
	public void updateUserAccount(String username,int price) {
		//检查账户的余额是否足够，若不足够，则抛出一个异常
		String sql2 = "SELECT balance FROM account WHERE username = ?";
		int balance=jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql2, Integer.class, username);
		if(balance<price) {
			throw new UserAccountException("余额不足！");
		}
		
		String sql = "update account set balance = balance - ? where username = ?";
		jdbcTemplate.update(sql, price,username);
	}

}

BookShopService

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

public interface BookShopService {
	public void purchase(String username,String isbn);
}

BookShopServiceImpl

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("BookShopService")
public class BookShopServiceImpl implements BookShopService{

	@Autowired
	private BookShopDao bookShopDao;
	
	//添加事务注解
	//1.使用propagation指定事务的传播行为即当前的事务方法被另外一个事务方法调用时
	//如何使用事务，默认取值为 required ,即使用调用方法的事务
	//required_new 使用自己的事务，调用方法的事务被挂起
	//2.使用isolation 指定事务的隔离级别，最常用的取值为read_committed
	//3.默认情况下， Spring 的声明式事务对所有的运行时异常进行回滚，也可以通过对应的属性进行设置
	//通常情况下取默认值
	//4.使用readOnly指定事务是否为只读，表示这个事务只读取数据但不更新数据，
	//这样可以帮助数据库引擎优化事务，若真的是一个只读取数据库值的方法，应设置readOnly = true
	//5.使用 timeout 指定强制回滚之前事务可以占用的时间 
	
	
	@Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW)
	@Override
	public void purchase(String username, String isbn) {
		//获取书的单价
		int price = bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn(isbn);
		
		//更新书的库存
		bookShopDao.updateBookStock(isbn);
		
		//更新书的余额
		bookShopDao.updateUserAccount(username, price);
	}

}

Cashier

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

import java.util.List;

public interface Cashier {
	public void checkout(String username,List<String> isbns);

}

CashierImpl

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Service("cashier")
public class CashierImpl implements Cashier{
	
	@Autowired
	private BookShopService bookShopService;
	
	@Transactional
	@Override
	public void checkout(String username, List<String> isbns) {
		for(String isbn:isbns) {
			bookShopService.purchase(username, isbn);
		}
	}

}

SpringTransactionTest

package com.guo.book.jdbc;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class SpringTransactionTest {

	private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
	BookShopDao bookShopDao = null;
	private BookShopService bookShopService=null;
	private Cashier cashier=null;
	
	{
		ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		bookShopDao = ctx.getBean(BookShopDao.class);
		bookShopService = ctx.getBean(BookShopService.class);
		cashier = ctx.getBean(Cashier.class);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testTransactionPropagation() {
		cashier.checkout("AA", Arrays.asList("1001","1002"));
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testBookShopService() {
		bookShopService.purchase("AA", "1001");
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testBookShopDaoUpdateUserAccount() {
		bookShopDao.updateUserAccount("AA", 20);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testBookShopDaoUpdateBookStack() {
		bookShopDao.updateBookStock("1001");
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testBookShopDaoFindPriceByIsbn() {
		System.out.println(bookShopDao.findBookPriceByIsbn("1001"));
	}
}

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">

<!-- 配置自动扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.guo.book.jdbc"></context:component-scan>

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
	class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
	<property name="dataSource" ref = "dataSource"></property>
</bean>

<!-- 启用事务注解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>




<!-- 导入资源文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location = "classpath:db.properties"/>

<!-- 配置c3p0数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" 
	class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
	<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
	<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
	<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
	<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
	
	<property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
	<property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
	 
</bean>
	
<!-- 配置Spring 的JDBCTemplate  -->
<bean id = "jdbcTemplate"
	class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
	<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>

</beans>

db.properties.txt

user=root
password=
driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring?serverTimezone=UTC

jdbc.initPoolSize=5
jdbc.maxPoolSize=10