背景:
Hooks 提供了很多好用的api,甚至很多人认为Hooks的useReducer等Api已经可以取代Redux了。其实Hooks和Redux的使用场景并不冲突,而且可以互相借鉴,而且react-redux最新版本(7.1)也引入了Hooks风格的Api。
useState和useReducer是Hooks中最常用的Api,适合用来进行简单的状态管理,但也都有一些无法满足的需求。
useState
import React, { useState } from "react";
const ComponentUseState = () => {
const [num, setNum] = useState(0);
return (
<div>
<h2>Using useState</h2>
Number: {num}
<button onClick={() => setNum(num + 1)}>+</button>
<button onClick={() => setNum(num - 1)}>-</button>
</div>
);
};
export default ComponentUseState;
说明:useState
可以用最简单的方式更新状态,但是状态更新的逻辑(例如上面例子中的加减一运算)散落在UI中,不能独立复用,也不便于测试。
useReducer
import React, { useReducer } from 'react'
//初始值
const initialState = {num: 0};
//处理逻辑的纯函数
const reducer = (state, action) => {
switch(action.type) {
case 'decrement':
return {...state, num: state.num - 1}
case 'increment':
return {...state, num: state.num + 1}
default:
return state;
}
}
const ComponentUseReducer = () => {
//将初始值和处理逻辑的纯函数作为参数传递到useReducer
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(initialState, reducer);
const { num } = state;
return (
<div>
<h2>Using useReducer</h2>
Number: {num}
<button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'increment'})}>+</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({type: 'decrement'})}>-</button>
</div>
);
};
export default ComponentUseReducer;
说明:使用useReducer
可以解决上面useState
无法解决的问题。可以看到useReducer的逻辑脱离 了UI,可以被独立复用。reducer本质上就是一个纯函数(无任何副作用的函数),我们可以对 reducer进行单独测试,甚至可以在chrome中进行调试,如下所示。
背景:
实际使用中reducer应该以单独的文件存在,上面为了方便大家理解才放到了一起。useReducer
虽然很好地分离了逻辑和UI,但是无法像redux一样进行跨组件的状态共享。 而且react-redux 7.1之后还可以使用useSelector、useDispatch等HooksApi替代connect,减少模板代码。
useSelector、useDispatch
import React from "react";
import { createStore } from "redux";
import { Provider, useSelector, useDispatch } from "react-redux";
const initialState = { num: 0 };
//创建store
const store = createStore(reducer, initialState);
const reducer = (state, action) => {
switch (action.type) {
case "decrement":
return { ...state, num: state.num - 1 };
case "increment":
return { ...state, num: state.num + 1 };
default:
return state;
}
};
const ComponentUseReactRedux = () => {
return (
<div>
<h2>ComponentUseReactRedux</h2>
<Provider store={store}>
<ChildComponentUseReactRedux />
</Provider>
</div>
)
}
const ChildComponentUseReactRedux = () => {
//通过调用useSelector从store的state中获取我们需要的数据
const num = useSelector(state => state.num);
//通过调用useDispatch可以派发action更改store中的state
const dispatch = useDispatch();
return (
<div>
<h3>Using useSelector, useDispatch</h3>
Number: {num}
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "increment" })}>+</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "decrement" })}>-</button>
</div>
);
};
export default ComponentUseReactRedux;
总结:通过useSelector、useDispatch等方法,我们可以用Hooks方法完成类似Redux的功能,但是Hooks和Redux之间并没有替代关系,应该更好地共存和融合。