Spring4---自动装配

何为自动装配?

• 之前使用Spring的配置文件为java程序类配置Bean,并为java程序类中的属性赋值.
• 而如果java类中拥有其他类的关联属性,例如一个自定义的关联属性Student,这样的操作都是通过"ref"手工的方式指定赋值的.而自动装配的目的就是由IOC容器为Bean属性自动赋值.
• 普通配置:“p:student-ref=student1”
• student1为bean的id值

 <bean id="person7" class="mao.shu.spring.Person"
       p:id="123"
       p:name="p命名空间测试"
       p:balance="500"
       p:student-ref="student1">
 </bean>

自动装配示例

• 现在有三个java类
  1. Employee
  2. Department
  3. Salary
• 现在Employee类中包含一个Department属性和一个Salary属性

public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String job;
    
    private Department dept;//描述部门
    private Salary salary;//描述工资
//getter和setter方法
//toString方法
}

• Department类

public class Department {
    private Integer deptno;
    private String dname;
    private String loc;
}

• Salary类

public class Salary {
    private Integer sid;
    private Double baseSalary;
}

• 编写autowrite.xml配置文件文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--配置Salary类实例化对象-->
    <bean id="salary" class="mao.shu.spring.autowrite.Salary"
          p:sid="1"
          p:baseSalary="5000.5">
    </bean>

    <!--配置Department类实例化对象-->
    <bean id="department" class="mao.shu.spring.autowrite.Department"
          p:deptno="1290"
          p:dname="软件开发部"
          p:loc="北京">
    </bean>

    <!--配置Employee类实例化对象-->
    <bean id="employee" class="mao.shu.spring.autowrite.Employee"
          p:id="9527"
          p:name="xiemaoshu"
          p:age="22"
          p:job="程序员"
          autowire="byName">

    </bean>

</beans>

• 测试

package mao.shu.spring.autowrite;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


public class EmployeeTest {
    private ApplicationContext app;

   @Before
    public void bbefore(){
       this.app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("mao/shu/spring/autowrite/autowrite.xml");
   }

   @Test
    public void testGet(){
       Employee employee = (Employee) this.app.getBean("employee");
       System.out.println(employee);
   }
}

• 输出结果

自动装配的缺点