java反射示例演示代码

java反射示例演示代码

反射是什么？

​ 介绍: Java的反射（reflection）机制是指在程序的运行状态中，可以构造任意一个类的对象，可以了解任意一个对象所属的类，可以了解任意一个类的成员变量和方法，可以调用任意一个对象的属性和方法。这种动态获取程序信息以及动态调用对象的功能称为Java语言的反射机制。反射被视为动态语言的关键。

​ 这种机制在很多的如Spring的框架中得到应用，所以还是需要了解一下的。写了一个段代码简单介绍一下这种机制，reflect()方法是通过反射拿到一个类的基本信息，如方法名称，参数，构造器等， 然后拼接字符串打印出来。method()是通过反射实例化对象，然后给对象赋值。

代码示例

1.用于反射的类

public class Customer {
    private int custid;
    private String custname;
    private String contacts;
    private String tel;
    private String email;
    private int empid;

    public Customer() {
        System.out.println("Customer无参构造器");
    }

    public Customer(int custid, String custname, String contacts, String tel, String email) {
        this.custid = custid;
        this.custname = custname;
        this.contacts = contacts;
        this.tel = tel;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Customer(String custname, String contacts, String tel, String email, int empid) {
        this.custname = custname;
        this.contacts = contacts;
        this.tel = tel;
        this.email = email;
        this.empid = empid;
    }

    public Customer(int custid, String custname, String contacts, String tel, String email, int empid) {
        this.custid = custid;
        this.custname = custname;
        this.contacts = contacts;
        this.tel = tel;
        this.email = email;
        this.empid = empid;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Customer{" +
                "custid=" + custid +
                ", custname='" + custname + '\'' +
                ", contacts='" + contacts + '\'' +
                ", tel='" + tel + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                ", empid=" + empid +
                '}';
    }

    public int getCustid() {
        return custid;
    }

    public void setCustid(int custid) {
        this.custid = custid;
    }

    public String getCustname() {
        return custname;
    }

    public void setCustname(String custname) {
        this.custname = custname;
    }

    public String getContacts() {
        return contacts;
    }

    public void setContacts(String contacts) {
        this.contacts = contacts;
    }

    public String getTel() {
        return tel;
    }

    public void setTel(String tel) {
        this.tel = tel;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public int getEmpid() {
        return empid;
    }

    public void setEmpid(int empid) {
        this.empid = empid;
    }
}

2.reflect()方法

  public static void reflect() {
        String className = "pro.reflect.Customer";
        try {
            //得到反射对象
            Class cls = Class.forName(className);
            //根据反射对象获得修饰符
            String modify = Modifier.toString(cls.getModifiers());
            //得到反射类名称
            String name = cls.getName();
            System.out.println(modify + " class " + name + "{");
            System.out.println("****************得到类属性*****************");
            //得到类的所有的属性字段custid，custname，contacts...
            Field[] declaredFields = cls.getDeclaredFields();
            //循环遍历输出
            for (Field field : declaredFields) {
                //根据字段属性获得修饰符private，public...
                modify = Modifier.toString(field.getModifiers());
                //得到字段类型名称string，int...
                String type = field.getType().getName();
                //得到属性字段名称custid，custname，contacts
                name = field.getName();
                System.out.println(modify + " " + type + " " + name + ";");
            }
            System.out.println("****************得到所有的构造器*****************");
            //得到所有的构造器
            Constructor[] declaredConstructors = cls.getDeclaredConstructors();
            //循环输出
            for (Constructor constructor : declaredConstructors) {
                //根据构造器获得修饰符private，public...
                modify = Modifier.toString(constructor.getModifiers());
                //得到构造器字段名称Customer
                name = constructor.getName();
                //根据构造器得到所以参数的类型
                Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();

                System.out.print(modify + " " + name + "(");
                for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
                    System.out.print(parameterType.getName() + ",");
                }
                System.out.println("){}");
            }
            System.out.println("****************得到所有的声明的方法*****************");
            //得到所有的声明的方法
            Method[] declaredMethods = cls.getDeclaredMethods();
            //循环输出
            for (Method method : declaredMethods) {
                //根据构造器获得修饰符private，public...
                modify = Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers());
                //得到返回类型
                String type = method.getReturnType().getName();
                //得到方法名称
                name = method.getName();
                //得到参数类型
                Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                //格式输出
                System.out.print(modify + " " + type + " " + name + "(");
                for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
                    System.out.print(parameterType.getName() + ",");
                }
                System.out.println("){}");
            }
            System.out.println("}");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

输出

public class pro.reflect.Customer{
****************得到类属性*****************
private int custid;
private java.lang.String custname;
private java.lang.String contacts;
private java.lang.String tel;
private java.lang.String email;
private int empid;
****************得到所有的构造器*****************
public pro.reflect.Customer(int,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int,){}
public pro.reflect.Customer(java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,int,){}
public pro.reflect.Customer(int,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,java.lang.String,){}
public pro.reflect.Customer(){}
****************得到所有的声明的方法*****************
public java.lang.String toString(){}
public void setCustid(int,){}
public java.lang.String getContacts(){}
public void setContacts(java.lang.String,){}
public java.lang.String getTel(){}
public void setCustname(java.lang.String,){}
public java.lang.String getCustname(){}
public java.lang.String getEmail(){}
public int getEmpid(){}
public void setEmail(java.lang.String,){}
public void setEmpid(int,){}
public int getCustid(){}
public void setTel(java.lang.String,){}
}

3.method()方法

 
    public static void method() {
        String className = "pro.reflect.Customer";
        String fieldName = "custname";
        String fieldValue = "张三";
        String methodName = "setTel";
        String argsTypes = "java.lang.String";
        String argsValues = "13833546346";
        try {
            //得到反射对象
            Class cls = Class.forName(className);
            //Object obj = cls.newInstance();
            //得到构造器
            Constructor declaredConstructor = cls.getDeclaredConstructor();
            //根据构造器得到对象实例
            Object obj = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
            //根据字段名称custname得到字段
            Field field = cls.getDeclaredField(fieldName);
            //设置字段可见，注意现在的customer是由private修饰的
            field.setAccessible(true);
            //字段赋值
            field.set(obj, fieldValue);
            //得到参数字段类型argsTypes-》java.lang.String
            Class argsTypeClass = Class.forName(argsTypes);
            //声明的方法
            Method declaredMethod = null;
            //得到方法通过方法名和参数类型methodName——》setTel，并传入参数argsTypeClass
            declaredMethod = cls.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, argsTypeClass);
            //为对象实例赋值；argsValues->13833546346
            declaredMethod.invoke(obj, argsValues);
            //打印实例
            System.out.println(obj);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

输出

Customer无参构造器
Customer{custid=0, custname='张三', contacts='null', tel='13833546346', email='null', empid=0}

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