《医学术语》读书笔记
文章目录
常见词根与词缀
烃:音tīng(“碳”、“氢”二字连读),或称碳氢化合物(英语:hydrocarbon),是有机化合物的一种。
词根/词缀 | 含义 | 示例 | 词源 |
---|---|---|---|
organ(o)- | organic 有机的 | organometallic 有机金属的 organization (有)机化 organphosphate 有机磷酸酯 organophosphorous 有机磷的 | late Middle English: via Latin from Greek organikos ‘relating to an organ or instrument’. |
alk(o) | alkane 烷 | alkyl 烷基 cycloalkane 环烷烃 alkylation 烷化,烃化 alkylamine 烷基胺 | German, from Alkohol ‘alcohol’ + -yl + ane 烷:从火从完,从火意可燃,从完意氢满配 |
-ane | alkane 烷之后缀 | methane 甲烷,沼气,天然气 ethane 乙烷 cyclohexame 环己烷 trichloromethane 三氯甲烷 | 英文使用-ane作为烷之后缀,后续还有-ene,烯之后缀,-yne,炔之后缀等。 |
-ene | alkene 烯之后缀 | ethene 乙烯 ethylene 乙烯 polyethylene 聚乙烯 polystyrene 聚苯乙烯 polychloroethylene 聚氯乙烯 | 烯:从火从希,从火意可燃,从希意氢少配 |
alkyn- -yne | alkyne 炔 | ethyne 乙炔 alkynyl 炔基 alkynone 炔酮 alkynol 炔醇 | -one 酮之后缀 -ol醇之后缀 炔:从火从缺,从火意可燃,从缺意氢缺配 |
cycl(o)- | cyclic 环的 | cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺 cyclosporin 环孢子菌素 bicyclic 二环的,双环的 | |
aromat(o)- | aromatic 芳香的 | aromatization 芳香化 aromaticity 芳香性 aromatase 芳香酶 aromatotherapy 芳香疗法 | Middle English (usually in the plural denoting fragrant plants or spices): via Latin from Greek arōma ‘spice’. |
benz(o)- phen(o) - | benzol 苯 | benzopyrene 苯并芘 benzamide 苯甲酰胺 benzaldehyde 苯甲醛 phenylalanine 苯丙氨酸 byphenyl 联苯 phenyl 苯基 | -ol既表“醇”,亦表“苯”, From Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”). |
-ol | alcohol 醇 | cholesterol 胆固醇 methanol 甲醇 mannitol 甘露醇 retinol 视黄醇 | -ol既表“醇”,亦表“苯”, From Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”). |
phen(o)- -ol | phenol 酚 | catechol 儿茶酚 tocopherol 生育酚 phenolic 酚的 | phenol: mid 19th century: from French phénole, based on phène ‘benzene’. catechol:从catechu(儿茶)中提炼而得; tocopherol: 1930s: from Greek tokos ‘offspring’ + pherein ‘to bear’ + -ol. |
-ether | ether 醚 | ethereal 乙醚的 etherification 醚化作用 methylether 甲基醚 ethermeter 乙醚滴定器 | ether在计算机中表示“以太网”,物理学中表示“以太”,化学中表示“醚”,闻之皆”令人昏迷“ |
-aldehyde | aldehyde 醛 | acetaldehyde 乙醛 benzaldehyde 苯甲醛 formaldehyde 甲醛,蚁醛 propionaldehyde 丙醛 | mid 19th century: shortened from Latin alcohol dehydrogenatum ‘alcohol deprived of hydrogen’. |
-one | ketone 酮 | acetone 丙酮 methadone 美沙酮 progesterone 孕酮,黄体酮 | -one: 酮之后缀 mid 19th century: from German Keton, alteration of Aketon ‘acetone’ (acetic acid 醋酸) + -one. |