【英语学习】【医学】Unit 10 Tumor

《基础医学英语》读书笔记

常见词根/词缀与词源

词根/词缀	含义	示例	词源
carcin(o)-	cancer 癌	carcinology 癌学 carcinosarcoma 癌肉瘤	From Ancient Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”) 注：螃蟹的两个大鳌钳，类似于鼓起的肿瘤
onc(o)-	tumor 肿瘤	oncogene 癌基因，致癌基因 oncocyte 癌细胞	from Greek onkos ‘lump, mass, bulk’.
sarc(o)-	flesh, fleshy 肉，肌	sarcocyst 肉孢子囊 sarcoplasm 肌质	Greek sark-, combining form of sarx “flesh” 注：sarcasm 讽刺，挖苦，如针刺肉
prostat(o)-	prostate 前列腺	prostatitis 前列腺炎 prostatolith 前列腺结石	mid 17th century: via French from modern Latin prostata, from Greek prostatēs ‘one that stands before’, from pro ‘before’ + statos ‘standing’.
ne(o)-	new 新	neocyte 未成熟白细胞 neopathy 新生物，肿瘤	from Greek neos ‘new’.
prot(o)-	primary 原，原始	protoblash 胚细胞 protopathy 原发病	from Greek prōtos ‘first’.
leuk(o)- leuc(o)-	white 白	leukocyte 白细胞 leukopathy 白斑病	from Greek leukos ‘white’.
retr(o)-	behind 后，在后面	retropleural 胸模后的 retroposition 后位	1960s: from French rétro, abbreviation of rétrograde ‘retrograde’ (past, the way things were).
hyp(o)-	below 低，不足	hypogenesis 发育不全 hypotension 低血压	mid 19th century: abbreviation of hyposulphite (硫代硫酸钠) . 注：先有某个单词，然后把这个单词某部分当作前缀/后缀使用。
-gen	原	carcinogen 致癌物 antigen 抗原	from French -gène (18c.), from Greek -genes "born of, produced by“ 注：这里的*-gen表示”可以产生“或者”可以导致“ 词干 的；最早见于oxygen*，表示产生氧气的，即氧气。
-therapy	therapy 治疗	leukotherapy 白细胞疗法 radiotherapy 放射疗法	mid 19th century: from modern Latin therapia, from Greek therapeia ‘healing’, from therapeuein ‘minister to, treat medically’.
-algia	pain, ache 痛	cardialgia 心脏痛 aortalgia 主动脉痛	from Greek algos ‘pain’.
tachy-	fast, too fast 快，过快	tachycardia 心动过速 tachypnea 呼吸急促	from Greek takhus ‘swift’.
ur(o)-	urine 尿	urine 尿 urography 尿道造影术	From Ancient Greek οὖρον (oûron). urine; relating to urine and the urinary system.
megal(o)-	great 大	megalocystis 巨膀胱 megalohepatia 巨肝	from Greek megas, megal- ‘great’.