SpringCloud学习笔记(三)----服务注册Zookeeper和Consul

SpringCloud 整合Zookeeper代替Eureka

注册中心Zookeeper

1. zookeeper是一个分布式协调工具，可以实现注册中心功能。
2. 关闭Linux服务器防火墙后启动zookeeper服务器。
3. zookeeper服务器取代Eureka服务器，zk作为服务注册中心。

这里我使用的是SecureCRT连接的zookeeper服务器。 关于在虚拟机上安装zookeeper，可看下面这篇文章。
Linux上安装zookeeper

服务提供者

1.新建cloud-provider-payment8004 Maven项目。
2.修改POM文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud123</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8004</artifactId>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.修改配置文件application.yml

#8004 表示注册到zookeeper服务器的支付服务提供者端口号
server:
  port: 8004

#服务别名---注册zookeeper到注册中心名称
spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-provider-payment
  cloud:
    zookeeper:
      connect-string: 172.16.114.135:2181

4.编写主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient  //该注解用于向使用consul或者zookeeper作为注册中心时注册服务
public class PaymentMain8004 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8004.class,args);
    }
}

5.编写Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/zk")
    public String paymentzk(){
        return "springcloud with zookeeper:"+serverPort+"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }
}

6.启动8004注册进zookeeper。
启动后发现如下问题：

可以发现这是jar包冲突问题，没有和我们服务器上所使用的zookeeper版本所对应上。

自带的zookeeper版本

我服务器上的版本:

修改POM文件，排除自带的版本，添加自己的版本

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
            <!--排除zk3.5.3-->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加zk 3.4,10版本-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.zookeeper/zookeeper -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.10</version>
        </dependency>

7.再次启动8004，进行测试。

可以发现8004已经成功注册到zookeeper服务中。


8.注册进zookeeper的服务提供者，都是临时节点。

服务消费者

1.新建cloud-consumerzk-order80 Maven工程

2.POM.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud123</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumerzk-order80</artifactId>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zookeeper-discovery</artifactId>
            <!--排除zk3.5.3-->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
                    <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加zk 3.4,10版本-->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.zookeeper/zookeeper -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
            <artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>


</project>

3.编写配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 80

spring:
  application:
    name: cloud-consumer-order
  cloud:
    zookeeper:
      #注册到zookeeper地址
      connect-string: 172.16.114.135:2181

4.主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class OrderZKMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderZKMain80.class,args);
    }
}

5.业务类
5.1 编写配置类，向IOC容器中添加RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
}

5.2编写Controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderZKController {

    public  static  final String INVOKE_URL = "http://cloud-provider-payment";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/zk")
    public  String paymentInfo(){
        String result = restTemplate.getForObject(INVOKE_URL+"/payment/zk",String.class);
        return  result;
    }
}

6.先启动8004，再启动80注册进zookeeper服务器。

7.验证
7.1 在虚拟机上查看8004和80是否成功注册进zookeeper服务器。

7.2访问测试地址
http://localhost/consumer/payment/zk，可以成功进行访问。

8.zookeeper集群也很简单，在application.xml中的connect-string值中，添加多个zookeeper服务器的地址， 以逗号隔开即可。 然后开启负载均衡的配置。

Consul服务注册与发现

Consul简介

1.是什么
Consul是一套开源的分布式服务发现和配置管理系统，由HashiCorp公司用Go语言开发。

提供了微服务系统中的服务治理、配置中心、控制总线等功能。这些功能中的每一个都可以根据需要单独使用，也可以一起使用以构建全方位的服务网格，总之Consul提供了一种完整的服务网格解决方案。

它具有很多优点。包括：基于raft协议，比较简洁；支持健康检查，同时支持HTTP和DNS协议，支持跨数据中心的WAN集群 提供图形界面，跨平台支持Linux、Mac、Windows。

2.能干嘛

• 服务发现：提供HTTP和DNS两种发现方式
• 健康监测：支持多种协议，HTTP、TCP、Docker、Shell脚本定制化
• KV存储：key、Value的存储方式
• 多数据中心：Consul支持多数据中心
• 可视化Web界面

3.下载地址: https://www.consul.io/downloads.html

可以通过 http://localhost:8500访问Consul的首页。

服务提供者

1.新建cloud-providerconsul-payment8006Maven工程

2.pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud123</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-providerconsul-payment8006</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
       
    </dependencies>
</project>

3.配置文件application.yml

#Consul服务端口号
server:
  port: 8006



spring:
  application:
    name: consul-provider-payment
  ##consul注册中心地址
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        #hostname: 127.0.0.1
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}

4.主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class PaymentMain8006 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8006.class,args);
    }
}

5.controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping(value = "/payment/consul")
    public String paymentConsul(){
        return "springcloud with consul:"+serverPort+"\t"+ UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    }
}

6.测试
启动项目，打开consul的web访问界面，可以发现8006已经成功注册到consul服务中去了。

访问http://localhost:8006/payment/consul，也能够成功进行访问。

服务消费者

1.创建cloud-consumerconsul-order80Maven工程
2.POM.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>cloud123</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>cloud-consumerconsul-order80</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-devtools -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.projectlombok/lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

3.配置文件application.yml

server:
  port: 80


spring:
  application:
    name: consul-consumer-order
  cloud:
    consul:
      host: localhost
      port: 8500
      discovery:
        service-name: ${spring.application.name}

4.主启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class OrderConsulMain80 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderConsulMain80.class,args);
    }
}

5.配置类，注入RestTemplate

@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
}

6.controller

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderConsulController {

    public  static  final String INVOKE_URL = "http://consul-provider-payment";

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/consul")
    public  String paymentInfo(){
        String result = restTemplate.getForObject(INVOKE_URL+"/payment/consul",String.class);
        return  result;
    }
}

7.测试，打开consul的web管理界面，可以发现服务消费者也以成功注入consul服务中心

访问测试地址，http://localhost/consumer/payment/consul，也能成功进行访问。

Eureka、Zookeeper、Consul三个注册中心异同点

CAP理论

• C：Consistency(强一致性)
• A：Availability(可用性)
• P：Partition tolerance(分区容错)
• CAP理论关注粒度是数据，而不是整体系统设计的策略。

经典CAP图

1.AP(Eureka)
AP架构：当网络分区出现后，为了保证可用性，系统B可以返回旧值，保证系统的可用性。
结论：违背了一致性C的要求，只满足可用性和分区容错，即AP；如下图所示:

2.CP(Zookeeper/Consul)
CP架构：当网络分区出现后，为了保证一致性，就必须拒绝请求，否则无法保证一致性。
结论：违背了可用性A的要求，只满足一致性和分区容错，即CP。如下图所示：