一 什么是 MyBatis ?
MyBatis 是一款优秀的持久层框架,它支持定制化 SQL、存储过程以及高级映射。MyBatis 避免了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和手动设置参数以及获取结果集。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解来配置和映射原生信息,将接口和 Java 的 POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录。
二 工作原理图
三 MyBatis的优点
1.简单易学,容易上手(相比于Hibernate) ---- 基于SQL编程
2.消除了JDBC大量冗余的代码,不需要手动开关连接
3.很好的与各种数据库兼容,开发人员不需要考虑数据库的差异性
4.能够与Spring很好的集成
5.提供了很多第三方插件(分页插件 / 逆向工程)
四 正式搭建Mybatis开发环境
1.mybatis jar包的下载和导入Maven
v3.4.5jar包的下载地址是:
https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/releases/download/mybatis-3.4.5/mybatis-3.4.5.zip
如果不想使用3.4.5版本的话,我们可以在github.com官网上直接搜索相关mybatis架包:
https://mvnrepository.com/
maven:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
2.配置mybaits核心配置文件SqlMapConfig.xml
1.引入外部properties配置文件
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_mybatis
jdbc.name=root
jdbc.password=dy123
2.引用properties文件配置SqlMapConfig.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 1、mybatis使用properties来引入外部properties配置文件的内容
resource 引入类路径下资源
url 引入网络路径或磁盘路径下资源 -->
<properties resource="db.properties"></properties>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<!-- 配置数据库连接信息 -->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.name}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/pjf/mybatis/mapper/hotelMapper.xml"></mapper>
</mappers>
</configuration>
3.SqlMapConfig.xml放入项目中config源文件下
3.创建对应数据表的java实体类
User.java
package cn.itheima.pojo;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;// 用户姓名
private String sex;// 性别
private Date birthday;// 生日
private String address;// 地址
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", sex=" + sex
+ ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]";
}
}
4.创建对应的映射文件
User.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace:命名空间,做sql隔离 -->
<mapper namespace="test">
<!--
id:sql语句唯一标识
parameterType:指定传入参数类型(pojo类中对应的类型,不是数据库中的类型)
resultType:返回结果集类型
#{}:占位符,如果传入的类型是基本类型(string,long,double,int,boolean,float等),那么#{}中变量名称可以任意
-->
<select id="findUserById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="cn.itheima.pojo.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
<!--
如果返回的结果为集合,resultType中也是配置为集合中泛型的类型,即resultType="cn.itheima.pojo.User"
${}:拼接符,如果传入的类型是基本类型(string,long,double,int,boolean,float等),那么${}中变量名称必须是value
-->
<select id="findUserByUserName" parameterType="java.lang.String" resultType="cn.itheima.pojo.User">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE username LIKE '%${value}%'
</select>
<!--
如果传入的是pojo类型,则#{}中变量名称必须是pojo中对应的属性.属性.属性......
如果要返回数据库自增主键,可以使用SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
-->
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="cn.itheima.pojo.User">
<!-- 执行SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()数据库函数,返回自增的主键
keyProperty:将返回的主键放入传入的参数的Id中保存(保存到user对象中的id属性)
order:当前函数相对于insert语句的执行顺序,在insert前执行用BEFORE,在insert后执行用AFTER
resultType:id的类型,也就是keyProperty中属性类型
-->
<selectKey keyProperty="id" order="AFTER" resultType="java.lang.Integer">
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
</selectKey>
INSERT INTO user (username,birthday,sex,address) VALUES (#{username},#{birthday},#{sex},#{address})
</insert>
<delete id="deleteUserById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer">
DELETE FROM user WHERE id=#{id}
</delete>
<update id="updateUserById" parameterType="cn.itheima.pojo.User">
UPDATE user SET username=#{username} WHERE id=#{id}
</update>
</mapper>
5.测试
package mybatis0523;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import cn.itheima.pojo.User;
public class UserTest {
@Test
public void testFindUserById() throws Exception {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
// 通过流将核心配置文件读取进来
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
// 通过核心配置文件创建会话工厂
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
// 通过会话工厂创建会话
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
User user = session.selectOne("test.findUserById", 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void testFindUserByUserName() throws Exception {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
List<User> list = session.selectList("test.findUserByUserName", "王");
System.out.println(list);
}
@Test
public void testInsertUser() throws Exception {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("赵四");
user.setBirthday(new Date());
user.setSex("1");
user.setAddress("北京昌平");
System.out.println(user.getId());
session.insert("test.insertUser", user);
// mybatis中事务默认是开启的,所以在mybatis中不需要显式开启事务,只需要显式提交事务
// 提交事务
session.commit();
System.out.println(user.getId());
}
@Test
public void testDeleteUserById() throws Exception {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
session.delete("test.deleteUserById", 27);
session.commit();
}
@Test
public void testUpdateUserById() throws Exception {
String resource = "SqlMapConfig.xml";
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
User user = new User();
user.setUsername("赵四");
user.setId(24);
session.update("test.updateUserById", user);
session.commit();
}
}