MySQL 子查询之where或having后面

where或having后面：

1. 标量子查询（单行）
2. 列子查询 （多行）
3. 行子查询（一行多列、多列多行）

特点：

1. 子查询都放在小括号内

2. 子查询一般放在条件右侧

3. 标量子查询，一般搭配着单行操作符使用
   大于> 小于< 大于等于>= 小于等于<= 等于= 不等于<>

4. 子查询的执行优先于主查询执行，主查询的条件用到了子查询的结果

5. 列子查询，一般搭配着多行操作符使用
   IN 、 ANY /SOME 、 ALL

1. 标量子查询

#案例1：谁的工资比Abel高？

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE salary>(

	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE last_name = 'Abel'
);

#案例2:返回job_id与141号员工相同，salary比143号员工多的员工姓名，job_ id和工资

#1.查询141号员工的job_ _id

SELECT job_id
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =141

#2.查询143号员工的salary

SELECT salary
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id =143

#3.查询员工的姓名，job_id和工资，要求job_id=①并且salary>②

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = (
	SELECT job_id
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id =141
)AND salary >(
	SELECT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE employee_id =143
);

#案例3：返回公司工资最少的员工的last_name,job_id和salary

SELECT last_name,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary = (
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
);

#案例4：查询最低工资大于50号部门最低工资的部门id和其最低工资

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>(
	SELECT MIN(salary)
	FROM employees
	WHERE department_id = 50
);

#非法使用标量子查询：子查询结果不是一行一列

2.列子查询（多行子查询，单列多行）

#案例1:返回location_id是1400或1700的部门中的所有员工姓名

#①查询location id是1400或1700的部门编号

SELECT DISTINCT department_id
FROM departments
WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)

#②查询员工姓名，要求部门号是①列表中的某一个

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN (
	SELECT DISTINCT department_id
	FROM departments
	WHERE location_id IN(1400,1700)
);

#案例3:返回其它部门中比job_ id为IT_ PROG’ 部门所有工资都低的员工的员工号、姓名、job id以及salary

SELECT last_name, employee_id,job_id,salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary<ALL(
	SELECT DISTINCT salary
	FROM employees
	WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
)AND job_id<>'IT_PROG' ;

3、行子查询(结果集一行多列或多行多列)

#案例:查询员工编号最小并且工资最高的员工信息

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE (employee_id,salary)=(
	SELECT MIN(employee_id),MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);

#或

SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = (
	SELECT MIN(employee_id)
	FROM employees
) AND salary = (
	SELECT MAX(salary)
	FROM employees
);