Response对象
功能:设置响应消息
设置响应行
1.格式: HTTP/1.1
200
ok
2.设置状态码: setStatus(int sc)
设置响应头
setHeader(String name, String value)
设置响应体
使用步骤:
1.获取输出流
字符输出流: PrintWriter getWriter()
字节输出流: ServletoutputStream getoutputStream()
2.使用输出流,将数据输出到客户端浏览器
案例:
1.完成重定向
ResponseDemo1
/**
* 重定向
*/
@WebServlet("/responseDemo1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo1...");
// //访问/responseDemo1,会跳转知道/responseDemo2资源
// //1.设置状态码302
// response.setStatus(302);
// //2.设置响应头location
// response.setHeader("location","/responseDemo2");
//动态获取虚拟目录
String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
//简单的重定向方法
response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/responseDemo2");
//response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
ResponseDemo2
@WebServlet("/responseDemo2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("demo2...");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
-
重定向的特点:
redirect
1.地址栏发生变化
2.重定向可以访问其他站点(服务器)的资源
3.重定向是两次请求。不能使用request对象来共享数据 -
转发的特点:
forward
1.转发地址栏路径不变
2.转发只能访问当前服务器下的资源
3.转发是一次请求,可以使用request对象来共享数据
补充:路径写法
- 相对路径:
- 通过相对路径不可以确定唯一资源
如:./index.html
不以/开头,以.
开头路径;
规则:找到当前资源和目标资源之间的相对位调关系
./
:当前目录
../
:后退一级目录
- 绝对路径:通过绝对路径可以确定唯一资源
如:http://localhost/Respionse/responseDemo2
以/
开头的路径 - 规则:
- 给客户端浏览器使用:需要加虚拟目录(项目的访问路径);
- 建议虚拟目录动态获取:
request.getContextpath();
- 给服务器使用:不需要加虚拟目录;
2.服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
@WebServlet("/responseDemo3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取流对象之前,设置流的默认编码
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
//告诉浏览器服务器发送消息体数据的编码。建议浏览器使用此编码解码
//response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
//简单的形式。设置编码
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字符输出流
PrintWriter pw = response.getWriter();
//2.输出数据
pw.write("<h1> 你好 hello response</h1>");
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
服务器输出字符数据到浏览器
步骤:
- 获取字符输出流
- 输出数据
乱码问题:
PrintWriter pw = response. getWriter( ); 获取的流的默认编码是ISO-8859-1
解决方法:
- 设置该流的默认编码
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
- 告诉浏览器响应体使用的编码
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=utf-8");
简单的形式,设置编码,是在获取流之前设置
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
3.服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
@WebServlet("/responseDemo4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
//1.获取字节输出流
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
//2.输出数据
sos.write("你好".getBytes());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
服务器输出字节数据到浏览器
步骤:
1.获取字节输出流
2.输出数据
4.验证码
CheckCodeServlet
@WebServlet("/checkCodeServlet")
public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
int width = 100;
int height = 50;
//1.创建一个对象,在内存中生成图片(验证码图片对象)
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,height,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
//2.美化图片
//填充背景色
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();//画笔对象
g.setColor(Color.GRAY);
g.fillRect(0,0,width,height);
//画边框
g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.drawRect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
//写验证码
//创建随机下标
g.setColor(Color.white);
String str = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random ran = new Random();
for(int i =1;i<=4;i++){
int index = ran.nextInt(str.length());
//获取字符
char ch = str.charAt(index);//随机字符
g.drawString(ch+"",width/5*i,height/2);
}
//画干扰线
g.setColor(Color.GREEN);
//随机生成坐标点
for (int i=1;i<=10;i++){
int x1= ran.nextInt(width);
int x2= ran.nextInt(width);
int y1= ran.nextInt(height);
int y2= ran.nextInt(height);
g.drawLine(x1,x2,y1,y2);
}
//3.将图片输出到页面展示
ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",response.getOutputStream());
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
this.doPost(request,response);
}
}
register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<img id="checkCode" src="/Response/checkCodeServlet"/>
<a id="change" href="#">看不清换一张</a>
<script>
/*
点击超链接或者图片,需要换一张
1.给超链接和图片绑定单击事件
2.重新设置图片的src属性值
*/
//1.获取图片对象
var img = document.getElementById("checkCode");
//2.绑定单击事件
img.onclick = function(){
//加时间戳
var date = new Date().getTime();
img.src = "/Response/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
}
var aa = document.getElementById("change");
aa.onclick = function(){
//加时间戳
var date = new Date().getTime();
img.src = "/Response/checkCodeServlet?"+date;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>