一、设计题目
7、网络代理服务器的设计与实现
二、设计内容
实现一个简易的 proxy 程序。proxy 程序的功能:能够做“二传手”的工作。它自身处在能同时连通外界目标服务器和我的机器的位置上。我的机器把请求发送给它,它接受请求,把请求原封不动的抄下来发送给外界目标服务器;外界目标服务器响应了请求,把回答发送给它,它再接受回答,把回答原封不动的抄下来发送给我的机器。这样,我的机器实际上是把它当作了目标服务器(由于是原封不动的转抄,请求和回答没有被修改)。而它则是外界目标服务器的客户端。
编写简单的 Web Server 有助于了解 Web Server 的工作流程,掌握超文本传送协议( HTTP)基本原理,掌握 Windows 环境中用 socket 实现 C/S 结构程序的编程方法。
三、设计步骤
3.1原理分析
代理服务器,主要是减轻了与外界交互的链路的传输压力,把很多需求以提供本地服务器的形式加以解决。
3.2编程设计
设计步骤:
服务器端:
- 初始化socket并绑定;
- 接受客户端socket连接;
- 接收客户端的请求;
- 返回请求的数据(C/S模式);
客户端:
- 初始化socket并绑定;
- 填充文件信息
- 请求与客户端进行socket连接;
- 发送http请求;
- 接收响应并保存到文件中;
数据结构
//定义常量
#define HTTP_DEF_PORT 80 //连接的缺省端口
#define HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE 1024 //缓冲区的大小
#define HTTP_FILENAME_LEN 256 //文件名长度
//定义文件类型对应的 Content-Type
struct doc_type
{
char *suffix; //文件后缀
char *type; //Content-Type
};
struct doc_type file_type[] =
{
{"html","text/html"}, //html文件
{"gif","image/gif"}, //图片
{"jpeg","image/jpeg"},//图像
{NULL,NULL}
};
/http请求
char *http_res_hdr_tmpl =
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: YeFanServer <0.1>\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nConnection: close\r\n"
"Content-Type: %s;charset=UTF-8\r\n";
//根据文件后缀查找对应的 Content-Type.失败返回null
char *http_get_type_by_suffix(const char *suffix)
{
struct doc_type *type;
for (type = file_type; type->suffix; type++)
{
if (strcmp(type->suffix, suffix) == 0)
return type->type;
}
return NULL;
}
关键代码
1)服务器端向客户端发送HTTP响应
int http_send_response(SOCKET h_socket, char *buf, int buf_len)
{
int read_len, file_len, hdr_len, send_len;
char *type;
char read_buf[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
char http_header[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
char file_name[HTTP_FILENAME_LEN] = "test.html", suffix[16] = "html";
FILE *res_file;
//得到文件名和后缀
http_parse_request_cmd(buf, buf_len, file_name, suffix);
res_file = fopen(file_name, "rb+"); //用读/写方式打开一个二进制文件,只允许读/写数据
if (res_file == NULL)
{
printf("[Web] The file [%s] is not existed\n", file_name);
return 0;
}
fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_END);
file_len = ftell(res_file);
fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_SET);
type = http_get_type_by_suffix(suffix); //文件对应的 Content-Type
if (type == NULL)
{
printf("[Web] There is not the related content type\n");
return 0;
}
//构造 HTTP 首部,并发送
hdr_len = sprintf(http_header, http_res_hdr_tmpl, file_len, type);
send_len = send(h_socket, http_header, hdr_len, 0);
//send_len=1;
if (send_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fclose(res_file);
printf("[Web] Fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 0;
}
//发送文件, HTTP 的消息体
do
{
read_len = fread(read_buf, sizeof(char), HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE, res_file);
if (read_len > 0)
{
send_len = send(h_socket, read_buf, read_len, 0);
file_len -= read_len;
}
} while ((read_len > 0) && (file_len > 0));
fclose(res_file);
return 1;
}
2)客户端发送 HTTP 请求
send_len = sprintf(data_buf, http_req_hdr_tmpl, argv[1], host, port);
result = send(http_sock, data_buf, send_len, 0);
if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) //发送失败
{
printf("[Web] fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
file_web = fopen(file_nameforsave, "a+");//以附加的方式打开可读写的文件。若文件不存在,则会建立该文件,如果文件存在,写入的数据被加到文件尾。
do //接收响应并保存到文件中
{
result = recv(http_sock, data_buf, HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (result > 0)
{
fwrite(data_buf, 1, result, file_web);
//在屏幕上输出
data_buf[result] = 0;
printf("%s", data_buf);
}
} while(result > 0);
程序流程图
7,ProxyServer main
7,ProxyClient main
7,ProxyServer send content
四、调试过程
数据访问上,test.html放置位置,一开始没有弄明白。多试几次弄明白了。
五、结果及分析、
客户端向服务器端请求test.html
7,ProxyServer
六、心得体会、
不是只有访问公网一种形式,还有许多的内网访问形式,之前倒是没有很明白其中的原理与区别,如今倒算是明白了。
服务器端:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") //WinSock使用的库函数
//定义常量
#define HTTP_DEF_PORT 80 //连接的缺省端口
#define HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE 1024 //缓冲区的大小
#define HTTP_FILENAME_LEN 256 //文件名长度
//定义文件类型对应的 Content-Type
struct doc_type
{
char *suffix; //文件后缀
char *type; //Content-Type
};
struct doc_type file_type[] =
{
{"html","text/html"}, //html文件
{"gif","image/gif"}, //图片
{"jpeg","image/jpeg"},//图像
{NULL,NULL}
};
//http请求
char *http_res_hdr_tmpl =
"HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nServer: YeFanServer <0.1>\r\n"
"Accept-Ranges: bytes\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nConnection: close\r\n"
"Content-Type: %s;charset=UTF-8\r\n";
//根据文件后缀查找对应的 Content-Type.失败返回null
char *http_get_type_by_suffix(const char *suffix)
{
struct doc_type *type;
for (type = file_type; type->suffix; type++)
{
if (strcmp(type->suffix, suffix) == 0)
return type->type;
}
return NULL;
}
//解析请求行,得到文件名及其后缀,请求行格式【get http://localhost:3000/index.html HTTP/1.1】
//buf代表字符串指针长度、buflen代表buf的长度、file_name文件名、suffix文件名后缀,由上面的函数判断
void http_parse_request_cmd(char *buf, int buflen, char *file_name, char *suffix)
{
int length = 0;
char *begin, *end, *bias;
//查找URL的开始位置
begin = strchr(buf, ' '); //在字符串buf中搜索第一次出现’空格‘的位置
begin+= 1;
//查找URL的结束位置
end = strchr(begin, ' ');
*end = 0;
bias = strrchr(begin, '/'); //找到一个字符'/'在另一个字符串begin中末次出现的位置
length = end - bias;
//找到文件名的开始位置
if ((*bias == '/') || (*bias == '\\'))
{
bias++;
length--;
}
//得到文件名
if (length > 0)
{
memcpy(file_name, bias, length);
file_name[length] = 0;
begin = strchr(file_name, '.');
if (begin)
strcpy(suffix, begin + 1);
}
}
//向客户端发送HTTP响应
int http_send_response(SOCKET h_socket, char *buf, int buf_len)
{
int read_len, file_len, hdr_len, send_len;
char *type;
char read_buf[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
char http_header[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
char file_name[HTTP_FILENAME_LEN] = "test.html", suffix[16] = "html";
FILE *res_file;
//得到文件名和后缀
http_parse_request_cmd(buf, buf_len, file_name, suffix);
res_file = fopen(file_name, "rb+"); //用读/写方式打开一个二进制文件,只允许读/写数据
if (res_file == NULL)
{
printf("[Web] The file [%s] is not existed\n", file_name);
return 0;
}
fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_END);
file_len = ftell(res_file);
fseek(res_file, 0, SEEK_SET);
type = http_get_type_by_suffix(suffix); //文件对应的 Content-Type
if (type == NULL)
{
printf("[Web] There is not the related content type\n");
return 0;
}
//构造 HTTP 首部,并发送
hdr_len = sprintf(http_header, http_res_hdr_tmpl, file_len, type);
send_len = send(h_socket, http_header, hdr_len, 0);
//send_len=1;
if (send_len == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
fclose(res_file);
printf("[Web] Fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return 0;
}
//发送文件, HTTP 的消息体
do
{
read_len = fread(read_buf, sizeof(char), HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE, res_file);
if (read_len > 0)
{
send_len = send(h_socket, read_buf, read_len, 0);
file_len -= read_len;
}
} while ((read_len > 0) && (file_len > 0));
fclose(res_file);
return 1;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsa_data;
SOCKET srv_socket = 0, acpt_soc; //socket 句柄
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; // 服务器地址
struct sockaddr_in client_addr; // 客户端地址
char recv_buf[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
unsigned short port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
int from_len = sizeof(client_addr);
int result = 0, recv_len;
if (argc == 2) // 端口号
port = atoi(argv[1]);
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,0), &wsa_data); //初始化 WinSock 资源
srv_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); //创建 socket
if (srv_socket == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf("[Web] socket() Fails, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
//服务器地址
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
result = bind(srv_socket, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) //绑定失败
{
closesocket(srv_socket);
printf("[Web] Fail to bind, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
result = listen(srv_socket, 5);
printf("[Web] The server is running ... ...\n");
while (1)
{
acpt_soc = accept(srv_socket, (struct sockaddr *) &client_addr, &from_len);
if (acpt_soc == INVALID_SOCKET) // 接受失败
{
printf("[Web] Fail to accept, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
break;
}
printf("[Web] Accepted address:[%s], port:[%d]\n",inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port));
recv_len = recv(acpt_soc, recv_buf, HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (recv_len == SOCKET_ERROR) // 接收失败
{
closesocket(acpt_soc);
printf("[Web] Fail to recv, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
break;
}
recv_buf[recv_len] = 0;
//向客户端发送响应数据
result = http_send_response(acpt_soc, recv_buf, recv_len);
closesocket(acpt_soc);
}
closesocket(srv_socket);
WSACleanup();
printf("[Web] The server is stopped.\n");
return 0;
}
客户端:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib") /* WinSock使用的库函数 */
/* 定义常量 */
#define HTTP_DEF_PORT 80 // 连接的缺省端口
#define HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE 1024 // 缓冲区的大小
#define HTTP_HOST_LEN 256 // 主机名长度
char *http_req_hdr_tmpl = "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
"Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, */*\r\nAccept-Language: zh-cn\r\n"
"Accept-Encoding: charset=UTF-8, deflate\r\nHost: %s:%d\r\n"
"User-Agent: Huiyong's Browser <0.1>\r\nConnection: Keep-Alive\r\n\r\n";
//解析命令行参数,分别得到主机名,端口号和文件名,命令行格式【http://localhost:3000/index.html】
void http_parse_request_url(const char *buf, char *host,unsigned short *port, char *file_name)
{
int length = 0;
char port_buf[8];
char *buf_end = (char *)(buf + strlen(buf));
char *begin, *host_end, *colon, *file;
// 查找主机的开始位置
begin = const_cast<char*>(strstr(buf, "//"));
begin = (begin ? begin + 2 : const_cast<char*>(buf));
colon = strchr(begin, ':');
host_end = strchr(begin, '/');
if (host_end == NULL)
{
host_end = buf_end;
}
else
{
//得到文件名
file = strrchr(host_end, '/');
if (file && (file + 1) != buf_end)
strcpy(file_name, file + 1);
}
if (colon) // 得到端口号
{
colon++;
length = host_end - colon;
memcpy(port_buf, colon, length);
port_buf[length] = 0;
*port = atoi(port_buf);
host_end = colon - 1;
}
// 得到主机信息
length = host_end - begin;
memcpy(host, begin, length);
host[length] = 0;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
WSADATA wsa_data;
SOCKET http_sock = 0; //socket 句柄
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; //服务器地址
struct hostent *host_ent;
int result = 0, send_len;
char data_buf[HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE];
char host[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "127.0.0.1";
unsigned short port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
unsigned long addr;
char file_name[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "test.html";
char file_nameforsave[HTTP_HOST_LEN] = "test.html";
FILE *file_web;
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("[Web] input : %s http://localhost:3000/test.html", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
http_parse_request_url(argv[1], host, &port, file_name);
WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,0), &wsa_data); //初始化 WinSock 资源
addr = inet_addr(host);
if (addr == INADDR_NONE)
{
host_ent = gethostbyname(host);
if (!host_ent)
{
printf("[Web] invalid host\n");
return -1;
}
memcpy(&addr, host_ent->h_addr_list[0], host_ent->h_length);
}
//服务器地址
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(port);
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = addr;
http_sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); //创建 socket
result = connect(http_sock, (struct sockaddr *) &serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) //连接失败
{
closesocket(http_sock);
printf("[Web] fail to connect, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
//发送 HTTP 请求
send_len = sprintf(data_buf, http_req_hdr_tmpl, argv[1], host, port);
result = send(http_sock, data_buf, send_len, 0);
if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) //发送失败
{
printf("[Web] fail to send, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
file_web = fopen(file_nameforsave, "a+");//以附加的方式打开可读写的文件。若文件不存在,则会建立该文件,如果文件存在,写入的数据被加到文件尾。
do //接收响应并保存到文件中
{
result = recv(http_sock, data_buf, HTTP_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
if (result > 0)
{
fwrite(data_buf, 1, result, file_web);
//在屏幕上输出
data_buf[result] = 0;
printf("%s", data_buf);
}
} while(result > 0);
fclose(file_web);
closesocket(http_sock);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}