获取一年中的自然周

自然周：以每月第一个星期一作为这个月第一周的开始。前面不满星期一的作废（其实它是算在上一个月最后一周的。观察日历即可明白）

import datetime
import calendar

def out_day_by_date(date):
    '''
    根据输入的日期计算该日期是在当年的第几天
    '''
    year=date.year
    month=date.month
    day=date.day
    months=[0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334]
    if 0<month<=12:
        sum=months[month-1]
    else:
        print("month error")
    sum+=day
    leap=0
    #接下来判断平年闰年
    if(year%400==0) or ((year%4)==0) and (year%100!=0):#and的优先级大于or
                                                       #1、世纪闰年:能被400整除的为世纪闰年
                                                       #2、普通闰年:能被4整除但不能被100整除的年份为普通闰年
        leap=1
    if(leap==1) and (month>2):
        sum+=1#判断输入年的如果是闰年,且输入的月大于2月,则该年总天数加1
    return sum

def week_to_month(years):
    '''
    返回一个数组，索引为第几周（从1开始），值为所属的月份
    Args:
        years: 所使用的的年份

    Returns:
        week_to_month: 周转月份数组
    '''
    week_to_month = [0]
    day = 1
    j = 0
    if (years % 4 == 0 and years % 100 != 0) or (years % 400 == 0):
        max_day = 366 + 1
    else:
        max_day = 365 + 1

    while day < max_day:
        first_day = datetime.datetime(years, 1, 1)
        add_day = datetime.timedelta(days=day - 1)
        # 当前是哪天
        current_day = first_day + add_day
        # 当前这一天是周几
        current_weekday = get_week_day(current_day)
        # 如果当前这一天不是周一，则加到周一
        if current_weekday != 1:
            day += 7 - current_weekday + 1
        else:
            week_to_month.append(current_day.month)
            j += 1
            print(current_day, j)
            day = min(day + 7, out_day_by_date(datetime.datetime(years, current_day.month, 1)) +
                      calendar.monthrange(years, current_day.month)[1])

    return week_to_month

def month_to_week(years):
    w_t_m = week_to_month(years)
    w_t_m = enumerate(w_t_m)
    month_to_week = {}
    for week, month in w_t_m:
        if str(month) in month_to_week.keys():
            month_to_week[str(month)].append(week)
        else:
            month_to_week[str(month)] = [week]
    print(month_to_week)

def get_week_day(date):
    week_day_dict = {
        0 : 1,
        1 : 2,
        2 : 3,
        3 : 4,
        4 : 5,
        5 : 6,
        6 : 7,
    }
    day = date.weekday()
    return week_day_dict[day]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    w_t_m = week_to_month(2019)
    print(w_t_m)

结果：
2019-01-07 00:00:00 1
2019-01-14 00:00:00 2
2019-01-21 00:00:00 3
2019-01-28 00:00:00 4
2019-02-04 00:00:00 5
2019-02-11 00:00:00 6
2019-02-18 00:00:00 7
2019-02-25 00:00:00 8
2019-03-04 00:00:00 9
2019-03-11 00:00:00 10
2019-03-18 00:00:00 11
2019-03-25 00:00:00 12
2019-04-01 00:00:00 13
2019-04-08 00:00:00 14
2019-04-15 00:00:00 15
2019-04-22 00:00:00 16
2019-04-29 00:00:00 17
2019-05-06 00:00:00 18
2019-05-13 00:00:00 19
2019-05-20 00:00:00 20
2019-05-27 00:00:00 21
2019-06-03 00:00:00 22
2019-06-10 00:00:00 23
2019-06-17 00:00:00 24
2019-06-24 00:00:00 25
2019-07-01 00:00:00 26
2019-07-08 00:00:00 27
2019-07-15 00:00:00 28
2019-07-22 00:00:00 29
2019-07-29 00:00:00 30
2019-08-05 00:00:00 31
2019-08-12 00:00:00 32
2019-08-19 00:00:00 33
2019-08-26 00:00:00 34
2019-09-02 00:00:00 35
2019-09-09 00:00:00 36
2019-09-16 00:00:00 37
2019-09-23 00:00:00 38
2019-09-30 00:00:00 39
2019-10-07 00:00:00 40
2019-10-14 00:00:00 41
2019-10-21 00:00:00 42
2019-10-28 00:00:00 43
2019-11-04 00:00:00 44
2019-11-11 00:00:00 45
2019-11-18 00:00:00 46
2019-11-25 00:00:00 47
2019-12-02 00:00:00 48
2019-12-09 00:00:00 49
2019-12-16 00:00:00 50
2019-12-23 00:00:00 51
2019-12-30 00:00:00 52
[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12]