Scala在2.11.x版本中将Akka加入其中,作为其默认的Actor,老版本的Actor已经废弃
一、什么是 Actor
-
概念
Scala中的Actor能够实现并行编程的强大功能,它是基于事件模型的并发机制,Scala是运用消息(message)的发送、接收来实现多线程的。 -
actor 方法执行顺序
首先调用start()方法启动Actor
调用start()方法后其act()方法会被执行
向Actor发送消息 -
发送消息的方式
方法 作用
! 发送异步消息,没有返回值。
!? 发送同步消息,等待返回值。
!! 发送异步消息,返回值是 Future[Any]。
二、 实战
- 不断的接收消息
package cn.itcast.actor
import scala.actors.Actor
/**
* Created by ZX on 2016/4/4.
*/
class MyActor extends Actor {
override def act(): Unit = {
while (true) {
receive {
case "start" => {
println("starting ...")
Thread.sleep(5000)
println("started")
}
case "stop" => {
println("stopping ...")
Thread.sleep(5000)
println("stopped ...")
}
}
}
}
}
object MyActor {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val actor = new MyActor
actor.start()
actor ! "start"
actor ! "stop"
println("消息发送完成!")
}
}
说明:在act()方法中加入了while (true) 循环,就可以不停的接收消息
注意:发送start消息和stop的消息是异步的,但是Actor接收到消息执行的过程是同步的按顺序执行
- react方式会复用线程,比receive更高效
package cn.itcast.actor
import scala.actors.Actor
/**
* Created by ZX on 2016/4/4.
*/
class YourActor extends Actor {
override def act(): Unit = {
loop {
react {
case "start" => {
println("starting ...")
Thread.sleep(5000)
println("started")
}
case "stop" => {
println("stopping ...")
Thread.sleep(8000)
println("stopped ...")
}
}
}
}
}
object YourActor {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val actor = new YourActor
actor.start()
actor ! "start"
actor ! "stop"
println("消息发送完成!")
}
}
说明: react 如果要反复执行消息处理,react外层要用loop,不能用while
- 结合case class发送消息
package cn.itcast.actor
import scala.actors.Actor
class AppleActor extends Actor {
def act(): Unit = {
while (true) {
receive {
case "start" => println("starting ...")
case SyncMsg(id, msg) => {
println(id + ",sync " + msg)
Thread.sleep(5000)
sender ! ReplyMsg(3,"finished")
}
case AsyncMsg(id, msg) => {
println(id + ",async " + msg)
Thread.sleep(5000)
}
}
}
}
}
object AppleActor {
def main(args: Array[String]) {
val a = new AppleActor
a.start()
//异步消息
a ! AsyncMsg(1, "hello actor")
println("异步消息发送完成")
//同步消息
//val content = a.!?(1000, SyncMsg(2, "hello actor"))
//println(content)
val reply = a !! SyncMsg(2, "hello actor")
println(reply.isSet)
//println("123")
val c = reply.apply()
println(reply.isSet)
println(c)
}
}
case class SyncMsg(id : Int, msg: String)
case class AsyncMsg(id : Int, msg: String)
case class ReplyMsg(id : Int, msg: String)
三、综合案例,Actor 实现 WordCount
package cn.itcast.scala.cn.itcast.scala.actor
import scala.actors.{Actor, Future}
import scala.collection.mutable.{HashSet, ListBuffer}
import scala.io.Source
object ActorWordCount {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val replySet = new HashSet[Future[Any]]
val resultSet = new ListBuffer[ResultTask]
val taskList = new ListBuffer[WordCountTask]
val files = List("F:/words1.txt","F:/words2.txt")
for (f <- files) {
val task = new WordCountTask
val future = task.start() !! SubmitTask(f)
replySet += future
taskList += task
}
while (replySet.size > 0) {
val toComplete = replySet.filter(_.isSet)
for (f <- toComplete) {
val result = f().asInstanceOf[ResultTask]
resultSet += result
replySet -= f
}
}
val count = resultSet.flatMap(_.result).groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.foldLeft(0)(_ + _._2))
println(count)
taskList.foreach(_ ! Stop)
}
}
class WordCountTask extends Actor {
override def act(): Unit = {
loop {
react {
case SubmitTask(path) =>
val result: Map[String, Int] = Source.fromFile(path).getLines().flatMap(_.split(" ")).map((_, 1)).toList.groupBy(_._1).mapValues(_.size)
sender ! ResultTask(result)
case Stop => exit()
}
}
}
}
case class SubmitTask(path: String)
case class ResultTask(result: Map[String, Int])
case object Stop
什么是Actors
Akka Actors遵循Actor模型
我们可以吧Actors当做一个人,这个人不会自己和其他人直接说话,他们只通过mail来进行交流。
现在来探讨Actors的一些特性;
一、消息传递
假设有两个人:学生和聪明的老师。学生每天早上都会给老师发送邮件,而聪明的老师都会回复一句名言。这里需要解释:
1.学生发送邮件。一旦发送成功,邮件不能再修改。这天然就具备了不可变性;
2.老师会自己决定何时检查邮箱;
3.老师还会回复一封邮件(也是不可变的);
4.学生会自己决定何时检查邮箱;
5.学生不会一直等待回信(非阻塞的)
这就可以总结出Actor模型的一个基本特征---------消息传递
二、并发
现在,假设有三个聪明的老师和学生。每个学生都会给每个老师发送邮件。这会发生什么事情?
其实什么都没改变,每个人都有他自己的邮箱。这里需要注意的一点:默认情况下,邮箱里面的邮件是按照他们先后达到的次序进行阅读和处理的。
本质上,这很像是ConcurrentLinkedQueue。没有人去等待邮件被阅读,简单来说这就是一个非阻塞的消息(在Akka中内置了许多的mailboxes)
1.Actor就是通过发生消息实现并发
2.一个人就相当于一个Actor
3.Actor和Actor直接是可以发送消息的,自己也可以给自己发生消息
4.消息是有类型的,里面封装的数据(case class)
5.Actor是有生命周期的,是由ActorSystem创建的,ActorSystem负责管理和监控Actors,ActorSystem是单例的(object),Actor是多例的
6.消息的接收者可以将消息返回给消息的发送者
package cn._51doit.akka.rpc
import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSystem, Props}
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
class Master extends Actor{
//是Actor接收消息的方法
override def receive: Receive = {
case "connect" => {
println("a client connected!")
//服务端接收到消息后,向worker返回消息
sender() ! "response"
}
case "hello" => {
println("client send a hello")
}
}
}
object Master {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val host = "localhost"
val port = 8888
val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(
s"""
|akka.actor.provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
|akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname = $host
|akka.remote.netty.tcp.port = $port
""".stripMargin
)
//创建一个ActorSystem(在一个进程中只要有一个即可,是单例的)
val masterActorSystem = ActorSystem("MasterActorSystem", config)
//创建Actor
val masterActor = masterActorSystem.actorOf(Props[Master], "MasterActor")
//发消息
//masterActor ! "connect"
}
}
package cn._51doit.akka.rpc
import akka.actor.{Actor, ActorSelection, ActorSystem, Props}
import com.typesafe.config.ConfigFactory
class Worker extends Actor {
var materActorRef: ActorSelection = _
//Worker生命周期方法
//在构造方法之后,receive方法之前,执行一次
override def preStart(): Unit = {
//通过网络先跟Master建立连接,选择跟谁建立连接
materActorRef = context.actorSelection("akka.tcp://MasterActorSystem@localhost:8888/user/MasterActor")
//Worker向Master发送的消息
materActorRef ! "connect"
}
override def receive: Receive = {
case "response" => {
println("a response msg from master")
}
}
}
object Worker {
def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
val host = "localhost"
val port = 9999
val config = ConfigFactory.parseString(
s"""
|akka.actor.provider = "akka.remote.RemoteActorRefProvider"
|akka.remote.netty.tcp.hostname = $host
|akka.remote.netty.tcp.port = $port
|""".stripMargin
)
val workerActorSystem = ActorSystem("WorkerActorSystem", config)
workerActorSystem.actorOf(Props[Worker], "WorkerActor")
}
}
worker向master发送注册信息
代码待完善