Python中的字典

01.字典的特性

d = {
    '1':'a',
    '2':'b'
}

字典不支持索引

print(d['1'])

字典不支持切片

# print(d[:])

字典的重复和连接无意义,因为字典的key值是唯一的

成员操作符

print('1' in d)
print('1' not in d)

for循环,默认遍历字典的key值

for key in d:
    print(key)

遍历字典

for key in d:
    print(key,d[key])

for key,value in d.items():
    print(key,value)

02.字典的增加

service = {
    'http':80,
    'ftp':21,
    'ssh':22
}

#增加一个元素
#如果key值存在,则更新对应的value值
#如果key值不存在,则添加对应的key-value值

service['mysql'] = 3306
print(service)
service['http'] = 443
print(service)

#添加多个key-value值

service_backup = {
    'https':443,
    'tomcat':8080,
    'http':8080
}

service.update(service_backup)
print(service)

service.update(flask=9000,http=8000)
print(service)

#setdefault添加key值
#如果key值存在,不做修改
#如果key值不存在,则添加对应的key-value

service.setdefault('http',9090)
print(service)
service.setdefault('oracle',44575)
print(service)

03.字典的删除

services = {
    'http':80,
    'ftp':21,
    'ssh':22
}

del services['http']
print(services)

#pop删除指定key的key-value
#如果key存在，删除，并返回删除key对应的value
#如果不存在，报错

item = services.pop('http')
print(item)
print(services)

#popitem删除最后一个key-value值

item = services.popitem()
print('删除的是:',item)
print(services)

#清空字典内容

services.clear()
print(services)

04.字典的查看

services = {
    'http':80,
    'ftp':21,
    'ssh':22
}

#查看字典的key值

print(services.keys())

#查看字典的value值

print(services.values())

#查看字典的key-value值

print(services.items())

#查看key的value值
#key不存在，默认返回none
#key不存在，有default值，则返回default值

print(services.get('http'))

#遍历

for k,v in services.items():
    print(k,'--->',v)

for k in services:
    print(k,'--->',services[k])