Servlet(Server Applet)
是Java Servlet的简称,称为服务器端小程序,用Java代码进行编写,具有独立于平台和协议的特性,主要功能在于交互式地浏览和生成数据,生成动态Web内容。
Servlet
是指任何实现了这个Servlet接口的类,运行于支持Java的应用服务器中。
文章目录
源码:
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package javax.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* Defines methods that all servlets must implement.
*
* <p>
* A servlet is a small Java program that runs within a Web server. Servlets
* receive and respond to requests from Web clients, usually across HTTP, the
* HyperText Transfer Protocol.
*
* <p>
* To implement this interface, you can write a generic servlet that extends
* <code>javax.servlet.GenericServlet</code> or an HTTP servlet that extends
* <code>javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet</code>.
*
* <p>
* This interface defines methods to initialize a servlet, to service requests,
* and to remove a servlet from the server. These are known as life-cycle
* methods and are called in the following sequence:
* <ol>
* <li>The servlet is constructed, then initialized with the <code>init</code>
* method.
* <li>Any calls from clients to the <code>service</code> method are handled.
* <li>The servlet is taken out of service, then destroyed with the
* <code>destroy</code> method, then garbage collected and finalized.
* </ol>
*
* <p>
* In addition to the life-cycle methods, this interface provides the
* <code>getServletConfig</code> method, which the servlet can use to get any
* startup information, and the <code>getServletInfo</code> method, which allows
* the servlet to return basic information about itself, such as author,
* version, and copyright.
*
* @see GenericServlet
* @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet
*/
public interface Servlet {
/**
* Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
* is being placed into service.
*
* <p>
* The servlet container calls the <code>init</code> method exactly once
* after instantiating the servlet. The <code>init</code> method must
* complete successfully before the servlet can receive any requests.
*
* <p>
* The servlet container cannot place the servlet into service if the
* <code>init</code> method
* <ol>
* <li>Throws a <code>ServletException</code>
* <li>Does not return within a time period defined by the Web server
* </ol>
*
*
* @param config
* a <code>ServletConfig</code> object containing the servlet's
* configuration and initialization parameters
*
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception has occurred that interferes with the
* servlet's normal operation
*
* @see UnavailableException
* @see #getServletConfig
*/
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException;//对象的初始化创建
/**
*
* Returns a {@link ServletConfig} object, which contains initialization and
* startup parameters for this servlet. The <code>ServletConfig</code>
* object returned is the one passed to the <code>init</code> method.
*
* <p>
* Implementations of this interface are responsible for storing the
* <code>ServletConfig</code> object so that this method can return it. The
* {@link GenericServlet} class, which implements this interface, already
* does this.
*
* @return the <code>ServletConfig</code> object that initializes this
* servlet
*
* @see #init
*/
public ServletConfig getServletConfig();//拿到当前web对象的配置文件
/**
* Called by the servlet container to allow the servlet to respond to a
* request.
*
* <p>
* This method is only called after the servlet's <code>init()</code> method
* has completed successfully.
*
* <p>
* The status code of the response always should be set for a servlet that
* throws or sends an error.
*
*
* <p>
* Servlets typically run inside multithreaded servlet containers that can
* handle multiple requests concurrently. Developers must be aware to
* synchronize access to any shared resources such as files, network
* connections, and as well as the servlet's class and instance variables.
* More information on multithreaded programming in Java is available in <a
* href
* ="http://java.sun.com/Series/Tutorial/java/threads/multithreaded.html">
* the Java tutorial on multi-threaded programming</a>.
*
*
* @param req
* the <code>ServletRequest</code> object that contains the
* client's request
*
* @param res
* the <code>ServletResponse</code> object that contains the
* servlet's response
*
* @exception ServletException
* if an exception occurs that interferes with the servlet's
* normal operation
*
* @exception IOException
* if an input or output exception occurs
*/
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException;
/**
* Returns information about the servlet, such as author, version, and
* copyright.
*
* <p>
* The string that this method returns should be plain text and not markup
* of any kind (such as HTML, XML, etc.).
*
* @return a <code>String</code> containing servlet information
*/
public String getServletInfo();//当前servlet的基本信息
/**
* Called by the servlet container to indicate to a servlet that the servlet
* is being taken out of service. This method is only called once all
* threads within the servlet's <code>service</code> method have exited or
* after a timeout period has passed. After the servlet container calls this
* method, it will not call the <code>service</code> method again on this
* servlet.
*
* <p>
* This method gives the servlet an opportunity to clean up any resources
* that are being held (for example, memory, file handles, threads) and make
* sure that any persistent state is synchronized with the servlet's current
* state in memory.
*/
public void destroy();//对象销毁
}
Servlet使用步骤
- 编写⼀个Java类实现Servlet的接口
- 在web.xml中,配置Servlet
- 访问servlet
//1. 编写⼀个Java类实现Servlet的接口
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
public class HelloServlet implements Servlet {
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
}
@Override
public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
return null;
}
@Override
/**
* ⽤来处理客户的请求,并且对请求作出响应的⽅法
*/
public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("⼀个servlet程序。。");
//把服务器的数据 返回给浏览器显示
// 向⻚⾯输出⼀个HelloServlet字符串:
servletResponse.getWriter().print("<font color='red'>hello servlet</font>");
}
@Override
public String getServletInfo() {
return null;
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
//省略剩下⽅法,采⽤默认实现
}
//2. 在web.xml中,配置Servlet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.byc.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> <!--匹配路径-->
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>