CentOS 8 在线升级 AlmaLinux
众所周知，步入到2021年红帽已不在维护CentOS了，转而取代的是伪滚动发行版 CentOS Stream，但少有Centos的运维人员对其青睐，而许多第三方应用程序（如cPanel）均不支持Stream。为此，博主对红帽这一草率的决定感到惋惜，同时也对自己初学Linux时用过的Centos将逐渐淡出人们视野而表示同情。
不过，别担心，随后就有大佬们推出了Centos的替代分支Linux。第一个宣布的是 Rocky Linux，来自最初为我们带来 CentOS 的人。紧随其后的是 AlmaLinux 。两者都是当前 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 二进制兼容并得到社区支持的开源操作系统的替代品，并且已经在成为 CentOS 的事实上的替代品方面取得了长足的进步 。
博主在Github找到了AlmaLinux的工作人员提供的Centos在线升级更新AlmaLinux的方式，可以说为已在数据中心部署了大量CentOS的运维人员带来了福音，且过程很简便。
需求：
● CentOS 8 的运行实例
● 具有 sudo 运行权限的用户
一、如何将 CentOS 乔迁 AlmaLinux
首先是更新Centos服务器环境：
sudo dnf upgrade -y 很明显这是CentOS 8
不管是哪版本，当然也可用yum:
yum update && yum upgrade -y
创建升级更新时的脚本文件路径：
mkdir AlmaLinux
博主是在/root下创建的
进入新建目录：
cd AlmaLinux
从Github上下载升级脚本：
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AlmaLinux/almalinux-deploy/master/almalinux-deploy.sh
若有读者在测试过程中如下图所示被墙了，可通过添加github的ip到hosts文件中来解决：
报错代码：
Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443: Connection refused
解决方法： 访问 https://www.ipaddress.com/ ，查询 raw.githubusercontent.com 的IP
添加到/etc/hosts文件中：
vim /etc/hosts
添加内容：
#Github
199.232.68.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
再次执行curl下载：
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/AlmaLinux/almalinux-deploy/master/almalinux-deploy.sh
而已下载好文件的朋友，授权执行即可：
给almalinux-deploy.sh脚本文件授权：
chmod u+x almalinux-deploy.sh
执行：
sudo ./almalinux-deploy.sh
等待，直到出现如下消息，即说明乔迁成功！
Complete!
Run dnf distro-sync -y OK
Restoring of alternatives is done OK
Generating grub configuration file ...
done
All Secure Boot related packages which were released by not AlmaLinux are reinstalledOK
Migration to AlmaLinux is completed
重启！
reboot
同时，我们发现新增了 AlmaLinux 8.4 的内核
重启后发现已乔迁成功！！
若有读者仍旧无法获取 almalinux-deploy.sh 升级脚本，也莫担心，博主提供脚本内容：
#!/bin/bash
# Description: EL to AlmaLinux migration script.
# License: GPLv3.
# Environment variables:
# ALMA_RELEASE_URL - almalinux-release package download URL.
# ALMA_PUBKEY_URL - RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux download URL.
set -euo pipefail
BASE_TMP_DIR='/root'
OS_RELEASE_PATH='/etc/os-release'
REDHAT_RELEASE_PATH='/etc/redhat-release'
STAGE_STATUSES_DIR='/var/run/almalinux-deploy-statuses'
ALT_ADM_DIR="/var/lib/alternatives"
BAK_DIR="/tmp/alternatives_backup"
ALT_DIR="/etc/alternatives"
# AlmaLinux OS 8.3
MINIMAL_SUPPORTED_VERSION='8.3'
VERSION='0.1.12'
BRANDING_PKGS=("centos-backgrounds" "centos-logos" "centos-indexhtml" \
"centos-logos-ipa" "centos-logos-httpd" \
"oracle-backgrounds" "oracle-logos" "oracle-indexhtml" \
"oracle-logos-ipa" "oracle-logos-httpd" \
"oracle-epel-release-el8" \
"redhat-backgrounds" "redhat-logos" "redhat-indexhtml" \
"redhat-logos-ipa" "redhat-logos-httpd" \
"rocky-backgrounds" "rocky-logos" "rocky-indexhtml" \
"rocky-logos-ipa" "rocky-logos-httpd")
REMOVE_PKGS=("centos-linux-release" "centos-gpg-keys" "centos-linux-repos" \
"libreport-plugin-rhtsupport" "libreport-rhel" "insights-client" \
"libreport-rhel-anaconda-bugzilla" "libreport-rhel-bugzilla" \
"oraclelinux-release" "oraclelinux-release-el8" \
"redhat-release" "redhat-release-eula" \
"rocky-release" "rocky-gpg-keys" "rocky-repos" \
"rocky-obsolete-packages")
setup_log_files() {
exec > >(tee /var/log/almalinux-deploy.log)
exec 5> /var/log/almalinux-deploy.debug.log
BASH_XTRACEFD=5
}
# Save the successful status of a stage for future continue of it
# $1 - name of a stage
save_status_of_stage() {
if [[ 0 != "$(id -u)" ]]; then
# the function is called in tests and should be skipped
return 0
fi
local -r stage_name="${1}"
if [[ ! -d "${STAGE_STATUSES_DIR}" ]]; then
mkdir -p "${STAGE_STATUSES_DIR}"
fi
touch "${STAGE_STATUSES_DIR}/${stage_name}"
}
# Get a status of a stage for continue of it
# $1 - name of a stage
# The function returns 1 if stage isn't completed and 0 if it's completed
get_status_of_stage() {
if [[ 0 != "$(id -u)" ]]; then
# the function is called in tests and should be skipped
return 1
fi
local -r stage_name="${1}"
if [[ ! -d "${STAGE_STATUSES_DIR}" ]]; then
return 1
fi
if [[ ! -f "${STAGE_STATUSES_DIR}/${stage_name}" ]]; then
return 1
fi
return 0
}
is_migration_completed() {
if get_status_of_stage "completed"; then
printf '\n\033[0;32mMigration to AlmaLinux was already completed\033[0m\n'
exit 0
fi
}
# Reports a completed step using a green color.
#
# $1 - Message to print.
report_step_done() {
local -r message="${1}"
printf '\033[0;32m%-70sOK\033[0m\n' "${message}"
}
# Reports a failed step using a red color.
#
# $1 - Message to print.
# $2 - Additional information to show (optional).
report_step_error() {
local -r message="${1}"
local -r trace="${2:-}"
printf '\033[0;31m%-70sERROR\033[0m\n' "${message}" 1>&2
if [[ -n "${trace}" ]]; then
echo "${trace}" | while read -r line; do
printf ' %s\n' "${line}" 1>&2
done
fi
}
# Prints program usage information.
show_usage() {
echo -e 'Migrates an EL system to AlmaLinux\n'
echo -e 'Usage: almalinux-deploy.sh [OPTION]...\n'
echo ' -h, --help show this message and exit'
echo ' -v, --version print version information and exit'
}
# Terminates the program if it is not run with root privileges
assert_run_as_root() {
if [[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]]; then
report_step_error 'Check root privileges' \
'Migration tool must be run as root'
exit 2
fi
report_step_done 'Check root privileges'
}
# Terminates the program if UEFI Secure Boot is enabled
assert_secureboot_disabled() {
local -r message='Check Secure Boot disabled'
if LC_ALL='C' mokutil --sb-state 2>/dev/null | grep -P '^SecureBoot\s+enabled' 1>/dev/null; then
report_step_error "${message}" 'Secure Boot is not supported yet'
exit 1
fi
report_step_done "${message}"
}
# Prints a system architecture.
get_system_arch() {
uname -i
}
# Reads a variable value from /etc/os-release.
#
# $1 - variable name.
#
# Returns the variable value.
get_os_release_var() {
local -r var="${1}"
local val
if ! val="$(grep -oP "^${var}=\"\K.*?(?=\")" "${OS_RELEASE_PATH}")"; then
echo "Error: ${var} is not found in ${OS_RELEASE_PATH}" >&2
exit 1
fi
echo "${val}"
}
# Detects an operational system version.
#
# $1 - operational system type.
#
# Prints OS version.
get_os_version() {
local -r os_type="${1}"
local os_version
if [[ "${os_type}" == 'centos' ]]; then
if ! os_version="$(grep -oP 'CentOS\s+Linux\s+release\s+\K(\d+\.\d+)' \
"${REDHAT_RELEASE_PATH}" 2>/dev/null)"; then
report_step_error "Detect ${os_type} version"
fi
else
os_version="$(get_os_release_var 'VERSION_ID')"
fi
echo "${os_version}"
}
# Prints control type and version.
get_panel_info() {
local panel_type=''
local panel_version=''
local -r cpanel_file='/usr/local/cpanel/cpanel'
local -r plesk_file='/usr/local/psa/version'
if [[ -x "${cpanel_file}" ]]; then
panel_type='cpanel'
panel_version=$("${cpanel_file}" -V 2>/dev/null | grep -oP '^[\d.]+')
elif [[ -f "${plesk_file}" ]]; then
panel_type='plesk'
panel_version=$(grep -oP '^[\d.]+' "${plesk_file}" 2>/dev/null)
fi
echo "${panel_type} ${panel_version}"
}
# Terminates the program if a platform is not supported by AlmaLinux.
#
# $1 - Operational system id (ID).
# $2 - Operational system version (e.g. 8 or 8.3).
# $3 - System architecture (e.g. x86_64).
assert_supported_system() {
if get_status_of_stage "assert_supported_system"; then
return 0
fi
local -r os_type="${1}"
local -r os_version="${2:0:1}"
local -r arch="${3}"
case "${arch}" in
x86_64|aarch64)
;;
*)
report_step_error "Check ${arch} architecture is supported"
exit 1
;;
esac
if [[ ${os_version} -ne ${MINIMAL_SUPPORTED_VERSION:0:1} ]]; then
report_step_error "Check EL${os_version} is supported"
exit 1
fi
os_types=("centos" "almalinux" "ol" "rhel" "rocky")
if [[ ! " ${os_types[*]} " =~ ${os_type} ]]; then
report_step_error "Check ${os_type} operating system is supported"
exit 1
fi
report_step_done "Check ${os_type}-${os_version}.${arch} is supported"
save_status_of_stage "assert_supported_system"
return 0
}
# Terminates the program if a control panel is not supported by AlmaLinux.
#
# $1 - Control panel type.
# $2 - Control panel version.
assert_supported_panel() {
if get_status_of_stage "assert_supported_panel"; then
return 0
fi
local -r panel_type="${1}"
local -r panel_version="${2}"
local plesk_min_major=18
local plesk_min_minor=0
local plesk_min_micro=35
local major
local minor
local micro
local error_msg="${panel_type} version \"${panel_version}\" is not supported. Please update the control panel to version \"${plesk_min_major}.${plesk_min_minor}.${plesk_min_micro}\"."
if [[ "${panel_type}" == 'plesk' ]]; then
local IFS=.
read -r major minor micro << EOF
${panel_version}
EOF
if [[ -z ${micro} ]]; then
micro=0
fi
if [[ -z ${minor} ]]; then
minor=0
fi
if [[ ${major} -lt ${plesk_min_major} ]]; then
report_step_error "${error_msg}"
exit 1
elif [[ ${major} -eq ${plesk_min_major} && ${minor} -lt ${plesk_min_minor} ]]; then
report_step_error "${error_msg}"
exit 1
elif [[ ${major} -eq ${plesk_min_major} && ${minor} -eq ${plesk_min_minor} && ${micro} -lt ${plesk_min_micro} ]]; then
report_step_error "${error_msg}"
exit 1
fi
fi
save_status_of_stage "assert_supported_panel"
}
# Returns a latest almalinux-release RPM package download URL.
#
# $1 - AlmaLinux major version (e.g. 8).
# $2 - System architecture (e.g. x86_64).
#
# Prints almalinux-release RPM package download URL.
get_release_file_url() {
local -r os_version="${1:0:1}"
local -r arch="${2}"
echo "${ALMA_RELEASE_URL:-https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/almalinux-release-latest-${os_version}.${arch}.rpm}"
}
# Downloads and installs the AlmaLinux public PGP key.
#
# $1 - Temporary directory path.
install_rpm_pubkey() {
if get_status_of_stage "install_rpm_pubkey"; then
return 0
fi
local -r tmp_dir="${1}"
local -r pubkey_url="${ALMA_PUBKEY_URL:-https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux}"
local -r pubkey_path="${tmp_dir}/RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux"
local -r step='Download RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux'
local output
if ! output=$(curl -f -s -S -o "${pubkey_path}" "${pubkey_url}" 2>&1); then
report_step_error "${step}" "${output}"
exit 1
else
report_step_done "${step}"
fi
rpm --import "${pubkey_path}"
report_step_done 'Import RPM-GPG-KEY-AlmaLinux to RPM DB'
rm -f "${pubkey_path}"
save_status_of_stage "install_rpm_pubkey"
}
# Downloads almalinux-release package.
#
# $1 - almalinux-release package download URL.
# $2 - Temporary directory path.
#
# Prints downloaded file path.
download_release_file() {
local -r release_url="${1}"
local -r tmp_dir="${2}"
local -r release_path="${tmp_dir}/almalinux-release-latest.rpm"
local output
if ! output=$(curl -f -s -S -o "${release_path}" "${release_url}" 2>&1); then
report_step_error 'Download almalinux-release package' "${output}"
exit 1
fi
echo "${release_path}"
}
# Terminates the program if a given RPM package checksum/signature is invalid.
#
# $1 - RPM package path.
assert_valid_package() {
local -r pkg_path="${1}"
local output
if ! output=$(rpm -K "${pkg_path}" 2>&1); then
report_step_error "Verify $(basename "${pkg_path}") package" \
"${output}"
exit 1
fi
report_step_done 'Verify almalinux-release package'
}
# Terminates the program if OS version doesn't match AlmaLinux version.
#
# $1 - OS version.
# $2 - almalinux-release package file path.
assert_compatible_os_version() {
if get_status_of_stage "assert_compatible_os_version"; then
return 0
fi
local -r os_version="${1}"
local -r release_path="${2}"
local alma_version
alma_version=$(rpm -qp --queryformat '%{version}' "${release_path}")
if [[ "${os_version:2:3}" -lt "${MINIMAL_SUPPORTED_VERSION:2:3}" ]]; then
report_step_error "Please upgrade your OS from ${os_version} to" \
"at least ${MINIMAL_SUPPORTED_VERSION} and try again"
exit 1
fi
if [[ "${os_version:2:3}" -gt "${alma_version:2:3}" ]]; then
report_step_error "Version of you OS ${os_version} is not supported yet"
exit 1
fi
report_step_done 'Your OS is supported'
save_status_of_stage "assert_compatible_os_version"
}
# Backup /etc/issue* files
backup_issue() {
if get_status_of_stage "backup_issue"; then
return 0
fi
for file in $(rpm -Vf /etc/issue | cut -d' ' -f4); do
if [[ ${file} =~ "/etc/issue" ]]; then
cp "${file}" "${file}.bak"
fi
done
save_status_of_stage "backup_issue"
}
# Restore /etc/issue* files
restore_issue() {
if get_status_of_stage "restore_issue"; then
return 0
fi
for file in /etc/issue /etc/issue.net; do
[ ! -f "${file}.bak" ] || mv -f ${file}.bak ${file}
done
save_status_of_stage "restore_issue"
}
# Recursively removes a given directory.
#
# $1 - Directory path.
cleanup_tmp_dir() {
rm -fr "${1:?}"
}
# Remove OS specific packages
remove_os_specific_packages_before_migration() {
if get_status_of_stage "remove_os_specific_packages_before_migration"; then
return 0
fi
for i in "${!REMOVE_PKGS[@]}"; do
if ! rpm -q "${REMOVE_PKGS[i]}" &> /dev/null; then
# remove an erased package from the list if it isn't installed
unset "REMOVE_PKGS[i]"
fi
done
if [[ "${#REMOVE_PKGS[@]}" -ne 0 ]]; then
rpm -e --nodeps --allmatches "${REMOVE_PKGS[@]}"
fi
report_step_done 'Remove OS specific rpm packages'
save_status_of_stage "remove_os_specific_packages_before_migration"
}
# Remove not needed Red Hat directories
remove_not_needed_redhat_dirs() {
if get_status_of_stage "remove_not_needed_redhat_dirs"; then
return 0
fi
[ -d /usr/share/doc/redhat-release ] && rm -r /usr/share/doc/redhat-release
[ -d /usr/share/redhat-release ] && rm -r /usr/share/redhat-release
save_status_of_stage "remove_not_needed_redhat_dirs"
}
# Install package almalinux-release
install_almalinux_release_package() {
if get_status_of_stage "install_almalinux_release_package"; then
return 0
fi
local -r release_path="${1}"
rpm -Uvh "${release_path}"
report_step_done 'Install almalinux-release package'
save_status_of_stage "install_almalinux_release_package"
}
# Remove brand packages and install the same AlmaLinux packages
replace_brand_packages() {
if get_status_of_stage "replace_brand_packages"; then
return 0
fi
local alma_pkgs=()
local alma_pkg
local output
local pkg_name
# replace GUI packages
for i in "${!BRANDING_PKGS[@]}"; do
pkg_name="${BRANDING_PKGS[i]}"
if rpm -q "${pkg_name}" &>/dev/null; then
# shellcheck disable=SC2001
case "${pkg_name}" in
oracle-epel-release-el8)
alma_pkg="epel-release"
;;
*)
# shellcheck disable=SC2001
alma_pkg="$(echo "${pkg_name}" | sed 's#centos\|oracle\|redhat\|rocky#almalinux#')"
;;
esac
alma_pkgs+=("${alma_pkg}")
else
unset "BRANDING_PKGS[i]"
fi
done
if [[ "${#BRANDING_PKGS[@]}" -ne 0 ]]; then
rpm -e --nodeps --allmatches "${BRANDING_PKGS[@]}"
report_step_done "Remove ${BRANDING_PKGS[*]} packages"
fi
if [[ "${#alma_pkgs[@]}" -ne 0 ]]; then
if ! output=$(dnf install -y "${alma_pkgs[@]}" 2>&1); then
report_step_error "Install ${alma_pkgs[*]} packages" "${output}"
fi
report_step_done "Install ${alma_pkgs[*]} packages"
fi
save_status_of_stage "replace_brand_packages"
}
# Converts a CentOS like system to AlmaLinux
#
# $1 - almalinux-release RPM package path.
migrate_from_centos() {
if get_status_of_stage "migrate_from_centos"; then
return 0
fi
local -r release_path="${1}"
# replace OS packages with almalinux-release
# and OS centos-specific packages
remove_os_specific_packages_before_migration
remove_not_needed_redhat_dirs
install_almalinux_release_package "${release_path}"
replace_brand_packages
save_status_of_stage "migrate_from_centos"
}
# Executes the 'dnf distro-sync -y' command.
#
distro_sync() {
if get_status_of_stage "distro_sync"; then
return 0
fi
local -r step='Run dnf distro-sync -y'
local ret_code=0
local dnf_repos="--enablerepo=powertools"
# create needed repo
if [ "${panel_type}" == "plesk" ]; then
plesk installer --select-release-current --show-components --skip-cleanup
dnf_repos+=",PLESK_*-dist"
fi
dnf check-update || {
ret_code=${?}
if [[ ${ret_code} -ne 0 ]] && [[ ${ret_code} -ne 100 ]]; then
report_step_error "${step}. Exit code: ${ret_code}"
exit ${ret_code}
fi
}
dnf distro-sync -y "${dnf_repos}" || {
ret_code=${?}
report_step_error "${step}. Exit code: ${ret_code}"
exit ${ret_code}
}
# remove unnecessary repo
if [ "${panel_type}" == "plesk" ]; then
plesk installer --select-release-current --show-components
fi
report_step_done "${step}"
save_status_of_stage "distro_sync"
}
install_kernel() {
if get_status_of_stage "install_kernel"; then
return 0
fi
if ! output=$(rpm -q kernel 2>&1); then
if output=$(dnf -y install kernel 2>&1); then
report_step_done "Install AlmaLinux kernel"
else
report_step_error "Install AlmaLinux kernel"
fi
fi
save_status_of_stage "install_kernel"
}
grub_update() {
if get_status_of_stage "grub_update"; then
return 0
fi
if [ -d /sys/firmware/efi ]; then
if [ -d /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux ]; then
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/almalinux/grub.cfg
elif [ -d /boot/efi/EFI/centos ]; then
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg
else
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/redhat/grub.cfg
fi
else
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
fi
save_status_of_stage "grub_update"
}
# Check do we have custom kernel (e.g. kernel-uek) and print warning
check_custom_kernel() {
if get_status_of_stage "check_custom_kernel"; then
return 0
fi
local output
output=$(rpm -qa | grep kernel-uek) || :
if [ -n "${output}" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/mokutil ] && /usr/bin/mokutil --sb-state 2>&1 | grep -q enabled; then
echo -ne "\n!! There are kernels left from previous operating system
that won't boot in Secure Boot mode anymore:\n"
else
echo "There are kernels left from previous operating system:"
fi
# shellcheck disable=SC2001,SC2086
echo "$output" | sed 's# #\n#'
echo ""
echo "If you don't need them, you can remove them by using the 'dnf remove" \
"${output}' command"
fi
save_status_of_stage "check_custom_kernel"
}
_backup_alternative() {
local path="${1}"
local bak_dir="${2}"
local bak_prefix="current_point"
local alt_name=
local alt_dest=
local alt_link=
alt_name="$(basename "${path}")"
alt_link="${ALT_DIR}/${alt_name}"
alt_dest="$(readlink "${alt_link}")"
mkdir -p "${bak_dir}"
# backup the current state of an alternative
echo "${alt_dest} ${alt_link}" > "${bak_dir}/${bak_prefix}.${alt_name}"
}
_restore_alternative() {
local path="${1}"
local bak_dir="${2}"
local bak_point="${bak_dir}/current_point"
local alt_name=
local shift_begin=3
local shift_middle=2
local main_link=
local alternatives=()
local priorities=()
local links=()
local dests=()
local names=()
local line=
local _alt_link=
local _alt_dest=
local alt_link=
local alt_dest=
local i=
local empty_num=
local len=
local begin_index=
local end_index=
len="$(wc -l < "${path}")"
# name of a backup alternatives, e.g. python or java
alt_name="$(basename "${path}")"
# system link which points to an alternative, e.g.
# /usr/bin/unversioned-python -> /etc/alternatives/python
main_link="$(sed -n -e 2p "${path}")"
i=0
# this cycle saves info about slave's links
# and slave's names of an alternative
# e.g.
# unversioned-python - name
# /usr/bin/python - link
# python2 - name
# /usr/bin/python2 - link
# unversioned-python-man - name
# /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz - link
while read -r line; do
i=$(("${i}" + 1))
if [[ -z $line ]]; then
empty_num=$(("${shift_begin}" + "${i}"))
break
fi
if [[ $(( "${i}" % 2 )) -eq 0 ]]; then
links+=("$line")
else
names+=("$line")
fi
done < <(tail -n +${shift_begin} "${path}")
# this cycle saves info about available alternatives and them priorites
# e.g.
# /usr/libexec/no-python alternative with priority 404
# /usr/bin/python3 alternative with priority 300
while [[ "${len}" -gt $(("${#names[@]}" + "${empty_num}")) ]]; do
alternatives+=("$(sed -n -e "${empty_num}"p "${path}")")
priorities+=("$(sed -n -e $(("${empty_num}" + 1))p "${path}")")
begin_index="$(("${empty_num}" + "${shift_middle}"))"
end_index="$(("${#names[@]}" + "${shift_middle}" + "${empty_num}"))"
# this cycle saves info about slave's dests for an each alternative,
# e.g.
# /usr/bin/python3 - dest for /usr/bin/python
#/usr/share/man/man1/python3.1.gz - dest for /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
# destination can be empty and in this case we don't create symlink
if [[ "${begin_index}" -ne "${end_index}" ]]; then
while read -r line; do
dests+=("$line")
done < <(sed -n -e "${begin_index}","${end_index}"p "${path}")
fi
empty_num=$(("${empty_num}" + "${#names[@]}" + "${shift_middle}"))
done
# read and restore current state of an alternative
# e.g.
# /etc/alternatives/python -> /usr/libexec/no-python
while read -r _alt_dest _alt_link; do
alt_link="${_alt_link}"
alt_dest="${_alt_dest}"
if [[ ! -e "${alt_link}" ]]; then
ln -sf "${alt_dest}" "${alt_link}"
fi
done < "${bak_point}.${alt_name}"
for i in "${!alternatives[@]}"; do
if [[ ! -e "${main_link}" ]]; then
# restore system symlink for alternative, e.g.
# /usr/bin/unversioned-python -> /etc/alternatives/python
ln -sf "${alt_link}" "${main_link}"
fi
for j in "${!names[@]}"; do
if [[ "${alt_dest}" == "${alternatives[$i]}" ]]; then
if [[ -e "${dests[$(( "${j}" + "${#links[@]}" * "${i}"))]}" && ! -e "${ALT_DIR}/${names[$j]}" ]]; then
# restore system slave link to an alternative, e.g.
# /etc/alternatives/unversioned-python-man -> /usr/share/man/man1/unversioned-python.1.gz
ln -sf "${dests[$(( "${j}" + "${#links[@]}" * "${i}"))]}" "${ALT_DIR}/${names[$j]}"
fi
if [[ -e "${ALT_DIR}/${names[$j]}" && ! -e "${links[$j]}" ]]; then
# restore slave link for an alternative
# e.g. /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz -> /etc/alternatives/unversioned-python-man
ln -sf "${ALT_DIR}/${names[$j]}" "${links[$j]}"
fi
fi
done
done
}
# backup existing alternatives, including the current states of alternatives
backup_alternatives() {
if get_status_of_stage "backup_alternatives"; then
return 0
fi
for alt_file in "${ALT_ADM_DIR}"/*; do
_backup_alternative "${alt_file}" "${BAK_DIR}"
done
/usr/bin/cp -rf "${ALT_ADM_DIR}" "${BAK_DIR}"/.
report_step_done "Backup of alternatives is done"
save_status_of_stage "backup_alternatives"
}
# restore existing alternatives, including the current states of alternatives
restore_alternatives() {
if get_status_of_stage "restore_alternatives"; then
return 0
fi
for alt_file in "${BAK_DIR}/alternatives/"*; do
_restore_alternative "${alt_file}" "${BAK_DIR}"
done
/usr/bin/cp -rn "${BAK_DIR}/alternatives/"* "${ALT_ADM_DIR}/"
report_step_done "Restoring of alternatives is done"
save_status_of_stage "restore_alternatives"
}
add_efi_boot_record() {
if get_status_of_stage "add_efi_boot_record"; then
return 0
fi
if [[ ! -d /sys/firmware/efi ]]; then
return
fi
local device
local disk_name
local disk_num
device="$(df -T /boot/efi | sed -n 2p | awk '{ print $1}')"
disk_name="$(echo "${device}" | sed -re 's/(p|)[0-9]$//g')"
disk_num="$(echo "${device}" | tail -c 2|sed 's|[^0-9]||g')"
efibootmgr -c -L "AlmaLinux" -l "\EFI\almalinux\shimx64.efi" -d "${disk_name}" -p "${disk_num}"
report_step_done "The new EFI boot record for AlmaLinux is added"
save_status_of_stage "add_efi_boot_record"
}
reinstall_secure_boot_packages() {
if get_status_of_stage "reinstall_secure_boot_packages"; then
return 0
fi
local kernel_package
for pkg in $(rpm -qa | grep -E 'shim|fwupd|grub2'); do
if [[ "AlmaLinux" != "$(rpm -q --queryformat '%{vendor}' "$pkg")" ]]; then
yum reinstall "${pkg}" -y
fi
done
kernel_package="$(rpm -qf "$(grubby --default-kernel)")"
if [[ "AlmaLinux" != "$(rpm -q --queryformat '%{vendor}' "${kernel_package}")" ]]; then
yum reinstall "${kernel_package}" -y
fi
report_step_done "All Secure Boot related packages which were released by not AlmaLinux are reinstalled"
save_status_of_stage "reinstall_secure_boot_packages"
}
main() {
is_migration_completed
local arch
local os_version
local os_type
local release_url
local tmp_dir
local release_path
local panel_type
local panel_version
assert_run_as_root
arch="$(get_system_arch)"
os_type="$(get_os_release_var 'ID')"
os_version="$(get_os_version "${os_type}")"
#os_version="$(get_os_release_var 'VERSION_ID')"
#os_version="${os_version:0:1}"
assert_supported_system "${os_type}" "${os_version}" "${arch}"
read -r panel_type panel_version < <(get_panel_info)
assert_supported_panel "${panel_type}" "${panel_version}"
release_url=$(get_release_file_url "${os_version}" "${arch}")
tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d --tmpdir="${BASE_TMP_DIR}" .alma.XXXXXX)
# shellcheck disable=SC2064
trap "cleanup_tmp_dir ${tmp_dir}" EXIT
install_rpm_pubkey "${tmp_dir}"
release_path=$(download_release_file "${release_url}" "${tmp_dir}")
report_step_done 'Download almalinux-release package'
assert_valid_package "${release_path}"
assert_compatible_os_version "${os_version}" "${release_path}"
case "${os_type}" in
almalinux|centos|ol|rhel|rocky)
backup_issue
migrate_from_centos "${release_path}"
;;
*)
report_step_error "Migrate ${os_type}: not supported"
exit 1
;;
esac
backup_alternatives
distro_sync
restore_alternatives
restore_issue
install_kernel
grub_update
reinstall_secure_boot_packages
add_efi_boot_record
check_custom_kernel
save_status_of_stage "completed"
printf '\n\033[0;32mMigration to AlmaLinux is completed\033[0m\n'
}
if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" == "${0}" ]]; then
for opt in "$@"; do
case ${opt} in
-h | --help)
show_usage
exit 0
;;
-v | --version)
echo "${VERSION}"
exit 0
;;
-t | --tests)
exit 0
;;
*)
echo "Error: unknown option ${opt}" >&2
exit 2
;;
esac
done
setup_log_files
set -x
main
set +x
fi
授权后执行即可！
二、如何将CentOS 乔迁 Rocky Linux
与乔迁 AlmaLinux 同理，我们采用Github上的脚本在线升级：
创建脚本下载路径，并进入：
mkdir Rocky-Linux && cd Rocky-Linux
下载脚本：
curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rocky-linux/rocky-tools/main/migrate2rocky/migrate2rocky.sh
若遇到 " Failed to connect to raw.githubusercontent.com port 443 "的报错时，解决方法和前文一致。
授权：
chmod +x migrate2rocky.sh
选 -r 运行 !!
sudo ./migrate2rocky.sh -r
若你的Centos 8 dnf包管理需更新：
dnf install dnf && dnf update -y
更新后再 sudo ./migrate2rocky.sh -r
如下图，正式升级更换Rocky，耐心等候：
出现如下执行消息表示，升级完成：
Done, please reboot your system.
A log of this installation can be found at /var/log/migrate2rocky.log
若不在订阅 REDHAT（红帽） 则可执行卸载删除其已无用文件：
dnf remove subscription-manager && dnf-plugin-subscription-manager
重启！
reboot
博主同样为无法下Rocky 的 migrate2rocky.sh升级脚本的小伙伴提供脚本内容，自主创建授权就可运行：
#!/bin/bash
#
# migrate2rocky - Migrate another EL8 distribution to RockyLinux 8.
# By: Peter Ajamian <peter@pajamian.dhs.org>
# Adapted from centos2rocky.sh by label <label@rockylinux.org>
#
# The latest version of this script can be found at:
# https://github.com/rocky-linux/rocky-tools
#
# Copyright (c) 2021 Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
# paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
# Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#
## Using this script means you accept all risks of system instability.
# These checks need to be right at the top because we start with bash-isms right
# away in this script.
if [ -n "$POSIXLY_CORRECT" ] || [ -z "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
printf '%s\n' "bash >= 4.2 is required for this script." >&2
exit 1
fi
# We need bash version >= 4.2 for associative arrays and other features.
if (( BASH_VERSINFO[0]*100 + BASH_VERSINFO[1] < 402 )); then
printf '%s\n' "bash >= 4.2 is required for this script." >&2
exit 1
fi
# Make sure we're root.
if (( EUID != 0 )); then
printf '%s\n' "You must run this script as root. Either use sudo or 'su -c ${0}'" >&2
exit 1
fi
# Path to logfile
logfile=/var/log/migrate2rocky.log
# Send all output to the logfile as well as stdout.
# After the following we get:
# Output to 1 goes to stdout and the logfile.
# Output to 2 goes to stderr and the logfile.
# Output to 3 just goes to stdout.
# Output to 4 just goes to stderr.
# Output to 5 just goes to the logfile.
truncate -s0 "$logfile"
# shellcheck disable=SC2094
exec \
3>&1 \
4>&2 \
5>> "$logfile" \
> >(tee -a "$logfile") \
2> >(tee -a "$logfile" >&2)
# List nocolor last here so that -x doesn't bork the display.
errcolor=$(tput setaf 1)
infocolor=$(tput setaf 6)
nocolor=$(tput op)
# Single arg just gets returned verbatim, multi arg gets formatted via printf.
# First arg is the name of a variable to store the results.
msg_format () {
local _var
_var="$1"
shift
if (( $# > 1 )); then
# shellcheck disable=SC2059
printf -v "$_var" "$@"
else
printf -v "$_var" "%s" "$1"
fi
}
# Send an info message to the log file and stdout (with color)
infomsg () {
local msg
msg_format msg "$@"
printf '%s' "$msg" >&5
printf '%s%s%s' "$infocolor" "$msg" "$nocolor" >&3
}
# Send an error message to the log file and stderr (with color)
errmsg () {
local msg
msg_format msg "$@"
printf '%s' "$msg" >&5
printf '%s%s%s' "$errcolor" "$msg" "$nocolor" >&4
}
export LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US
shopt -s nullglob
SUPPORTED_MAJOR="8"
SUPPORTED_PLATFORM="platform:el$SUPPORTED_MAJOR"
ARCH=$(arch)
gpg_key_url="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/RPM-GPG-KEY-rockyofficial"
gpg_key_sha512="88fe66cf0a68648c2371120d56eb509835266d9efdf7c8b9ac8fc101bdf1f0e0197030d3ea65f4b5be89dc9d1ef08581adb068815c88d7b1dc40aa1c32990f6a"
sm_ca_dir=/etc/rhsm/ca
unset tmp_sm_ca_dir
# all repos must be signed with the same key given in $gpg_key_url
declare -A repo_urls
repo_urls=(
[rockybaseos]="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/${SUPPORTED_MAJOR}/BaseOS/$ARCH/os/"
[rockyappstream]="https://dl.rockylinux.org/pub/rocky/${SUPPORTED_MAJOR}/AppStream/$ARCH/os/"
)
unset CDPATH
exit_message() {
errmsg $'\n'"$1"$'\n\n'
final_message
exit 1
}
final_message() {
errmsg '%s ' \
"An error occurred while we were attempting to convert your system to" \
"Rocky Linux. Your system may be unstable. Script will now exit to" \
"prevent possible damage."$'\n\n'
logmessage
}
logmessage(){
printf '%s%s%s\n' "$infocolor" \
"A log of this installation can be found at $logfile" \
"$nocolor" >&3
}
# This just grabs a field from os-release and returns it.
os-release () (
. /etc/os-release
if ! [[ ${!1} ]]; then
return 1
fi
printf '%s\n' "${!1}"
)
# Check the version of a package against a supplied version number. Note that
# this uses sort -V to compare the versions which isn't perfect for rpm package
# versions, but to do a proper comparison we would need to use rpmdev-vercmp in
# the rpmdevtools package which we don't want to force-install. sort -V should
# be adequate for our needs here.
pkg_ver() (
ver=$(rpm -q --qf '%{VERSION}\n' "$1") || return 2
if [[ $(sort -V <<<"$ver"$'\n'"$2" | head -1) != "$2" ]]; then
return 1
fi
return 0
)
# Set up a temporary directory.
pre_setup () {
if ! tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d) || [[ ! -d "$tmp_dir" ]]; then
exit_message "Error creating temp dir"
fi
# failglob makes pathname expansion fail if empty, dotglob adds files
# starting with . to pathname expansion
if ( shopt -s failglob dotglob; : "$tmp_dir"/* ) 2>/dev/null ; then
exit_message "Temp dir not empty"
fi
}
# Cleanup function gets rid of the temporary directory.
exit_clean () {
if [[ -d "$tmp_dir" ]]; then
rm -rf "$tmp_dir"
fi
}
pre_check () {
if [[ -e /etc/rhsm/ca/katello-server-ca.pem ]]; then
exit_message "Migration from Katello-modified systems is not supported by migrate2rocky. See the README file for details."
fi
if [[ -e /etc/salt/minion.d/susemanager.conf ]]; then
exit_message "Migration from Uyuni/SUSE Manager-modified systems is not supported by migrate2rocky. See the README file for details."
fi
}
# All of the binaries used by this script are available in a EL8 minimal install
# and are in /bin, so we should not encounter a system where the script doesn't
# work unless it's severly broken. This is just a simple check that will cause
# the script to bail if any expected system utilities are missing.
bin_check() {
# Check the platform.
if [[ $(os-release PLATFORM_ID) != "$SUPPORTED_PLATFORM" ]]; then
exit_message "This script must be run on an EL8 distribution. Migration from other distributions is not supported."
fi
local -a missing bins
bins=(
rpm dnf awk column tee tput mkdir
cat arch sort uniq rmdir rm head
curl sha512sum mktemp
)
if [[ $update_efi ]]; then
bins+=(findmnt grub2-mkconfig efibootmgr grep mokutil lsblk)
fi
for bin in "${bins[@]}"; do
if ! type "$bin" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
missing+=("$bin")
fi
done
local -A pkgs
pkgs=(
[dnf]=4.2
[dnf-plugins-core]=0
)
for pkg in "${!pkgs[@]}"; do
ver=${pkgs[$pkg]}
if ! pkg_ver "$pkg" "$ver"; then
exit_message \
"$pkg >= $ver is required for this script. Please run "\
"\"dnf install $pkg; dnf update\" first."
fi
done;
if (( ${#missing[@]} )); then
exit_message "Commands not found: ${missing[*]}. Possible bad PATH setting or corrupt installation."
fi
}
# This function will overwrite the repoquery_results associative array with the
# info for the resulting package. Note that we explicitly disable the epel repo
# as a special-case below to avoid having the extras repository map to epel.
repoquery () {
local name val prev result
result=$(
dnf -q --setopt=epel.excludepkgs=epel-release repoquery -i "$1" ||
exit_message "Failed to fetch info for package $1."
)
if ! [[ $result ]]; then
# We didn't match this package, the repo could be disabled.
return 1
fi
declare -gA repoquery_results=()
while IFS=" :" read -r name val; do
if [[ -z $name ]]; then
repoquery_results[$prev]+=" $val"
else
prev=$name
repoquery_results[$name]=$val
fi
done <<<"$result"
}
# This function will overwrite the repoinfo_results associative array with the
# info for the resulting repository.
repoinfo () {
local name val result
result=$(dnf -q repoinfo "$1") ||
exit_message "Failed to fetch info for repository $1."
if [[ $result == 'Total packages: 0' ]]; then
# We didn't match this repo.
return 1
fi
declare -gA repoinfo_results=()
while IFS=" :" read -r name val; do
if [[ ! ( $name || $val) ]]; then
continue
fi
if [[ -z $name ]]; then
repoinfo_results[$prev]+=" $val"
else
prev=$name
repoinfo_results[$name]=$val
fi
done <<<"$result"
# dnf repoinfo doesn't return the gpgkey, but we need that so we have to get
# it from the repo file itself.
# "end_of_file" is a hack here. Since it is not a valid dnf setting we know
# it won't appear in a .repo file on a line by itself, so it's safe to
# search for the string to make the awk parser look all the way to the end
# of the file.
# shellcheck disable=SC2154
repoinfo_results[Repo-gpgkey]=$(
awk '
$0=="['"${repoinfo_results[Repo-id]}"']",$0=="end_of_file" {
if (l++ < 1) {next}
else if (/^\[.*\]$/) {nextfile}
else if (sub(/^gpgkey\s*=\s*file:\/\//,"")) {print; nextfile}
else {next}
}
' < "${repoinfo_results[Repo-filename]}"
)
# Add an indicator of whether this is a subscription-manager managed
# repository.
# shellcheck disable=SC2154
repoinfo_results[Repo-managed]=$(
awk '
BEGIN {FS="[)(]"}
/^# Managed by \(.*\) subscription-manager$/ {print $2}
' < "${repoinfo_results[Repo-filename]}"
)
}
provides_pkg () (
if [[ ! $1 ]]; then
return 0
fi
set -o pipefail
provides=$(dnf -q provides "$1" | awk '{print $1; nextfile}') ||
return 1
set +o pipefail
pkg=$(rpm -q --queryformat '%{NAME}\n' "$provides") ||
pkg=$(dnf -q repoquery --queryformat '%{NAME}\n' "$provides") ||
exit_message "Can't get package name for $provides."
printf '%s\n' "$pkg"
)
# If you pass an empty arg as one of the package specs to rpm it will match
# every package on the system. This funtion simply strips out any empty args
# and passes the rest to rpm to avoid this side-effect.
saferpm () (
args=()
for a in "$@"; do
if [[ $a ]]; then
args+=("$a")
fi
done
rpm "${args[@]}"
)
# And a similar function for dnf
safednf () (
args=()
for a in "$@"; do
if [[ $a ]]; then
args+=("$a")
fi
done
dnf "${args[@]}"
)
collect_system_info () {
# Dump the DNF cache first so we start with a clean slate.
infomsg $'\nRemoving dnf cache\n'
rm -rf /var/cache/{yum,dnf}
# Check the efi mount first, so we can bail before wasting time on all these
# other checks if it's not there.
if [[ $update_efi ]]; then
local efi_mount kname
declare -g -a efi_disk efi_partition
efi_mount=$(findmnt --mountpoint /boot/efi --output SOURCE \
--noheadings) ||
exit_message "Can't find EFI mount. No EFI boot detected."
kname=$(lsblk -dno kname "$efi_mount")
efi_disk=$(lsblk -dno pkname "/dev/$kname")
if [[ $efi_disk ]]; then
efi_partition=$(<"/sys/block/$efi_disk/$kname/partition")
else
# This is likely an md-raid or other type of virtual disk, we need
# to dig a little deeper to find the actual physical disks and
# partitions.
kname=$(lsblk -dno kname "$efi_mount")
cd "/sys/block/$kname/slaves" || exit_message \
"Unable to gather EFI data: Can't cd to /sys/block/$kname/slaves."
if ! (shopt -s failglob; : *) 2>/dev/null; then
exit_message \
"Unable to gather EFI data: No slaves found in /sys/block/$kname/slaves."
fi
efi_disk=()
for d in *; do
efi_disk+=("$(lsblk -dno pkname "/dev/$d")")
efi_partition+=("$(<"$d/partition")")
if [[ ! ${efi_disk[-1]} || ! ${efi_partition[-1]} ]]; then
exit_message \
"Unable to gather EFI data: Can't find disk name or partition number for $d."
fi
done
cd -
fi
fi
# check if EFI secure boot is enabled
if [[ $update_efi ]]; then
if mokutil --sb-state 2>&1 | grep -q "SecureBoot enabled"; then
exit_message "EFI Secure Boot is enabled but Rocky Linux doesn't provide a signed shim yet. Disable EFI Secure Boot and reboot."
fi
fi
# Don't enable these module streams, even if they are enabled in the source
# distro.
declare -g -a module_excludes
module_excludes=(
libselinux-python:2.8
)
# Some OracleLinux modules have stream names of ol8 instead of rhel8 and ol
# instead of rhel. This is a map that does a glob match and replacement.
local -A module_glob_map
module_glob_map=(
['%:ol8']=:rhel8
['%:ol']=:rhel
);
# We need to map rockylinux repository names to the equivalent repositories
# in the source distro. To do that we look for known packages in each
# repository and see what repo they came from. We need to use repoquery for
# this which requires downloading the package, so we pick relatively small
# packages for this.
declare -g -A repo_map pkg_repo_map
declare -g -a managed_repos
pkg_repo_map=(
[baseos]=rootfiles.noarch
[appstream]=apr-util-ldap.$ARCH
[ha]=pacemaker-doc.noarch
[powertools]=libaec-devel.$ARCH
[extras]=epel-release.noarch
)
# [devel]=quota-devel.$ARCH
PRETTY_NAME=$(os-release PRETTY_NAME)
infomsg '%s' \
"Preparing to migrate $PRETTY_NAME to Rocky Linux 8."$'\n\n' \
"Determining repository names for $PRETTY_NAME"
for r in "${!pkg_repo_map[@]}"; do
printf '.'
p=${pkg_repo_map[$r]}
repoquery "$p" || continue
repo_map[$r]=${repoquery_results[Repository]}
done
printf '%s\n' '' '' "Found the following repositories which map from $PRETTY_NAME to Rocky Linux 8:"
column -t -s $'\t' -N "$PRETTY_NAME,Rocky Linux 8" < <(for r in "${!repo_map[@]}"; do
printf '%s\t%s\n' "${repo_map[$r]}" "$r"
done)
infomsg $'\n'"Getting system package names for $PRETTY_NAME"
# We don't know what the names of these packages are, we have to discover
# them via various means. The most common means is to look for either a
# distro-agnostic provides or a filename. In a couple of cases we need to
# jump through hoops to get a filename that is provided specifically by the
# source distro.
# Get info for each repository to determine which ones are subscription
# managed.
# system-release here is a bit of a hack, but it ensures that the
# rocky-repos package will get installed.
for r in "${!repo_map[@]}"; do
repoinfo "${repo_map[$r]}"
if [[ $r == "baseos" ]]; then
local baseos_filename=system-release
if [[ ! ${repoinfo_results[Repo-managed]} ]]; then
baseos_filename="${repoinfo_results[Repo-filename]}"
fi
local baseos_gpgkey="${repoinfo_results[Repo-gpgkey]}"
fi
if [[ ${repoinfo_results[Repo-managed]} ]]; then
managed_repos+=("${repo_map[$r]}")
fi
done
# First get info for the baseos repo
repoinfo "${repo_map[baseos]}"
declare -g -A pkg_map provides_pkg_map
declare -g -a addl_provide_removes addl_pkg_removes
provides_pkg_map=(
[rocky-backgrounds]=system-backgrounds
[rocky-indexhtml]=redhat-indexhtml
[rocky-repos]="$baseos_filename"
[rocky-logos]=system-logos
[rocky-logos-httpd]=system-logos-httpd
[rocky-logos-ipa]=system-logos-ipa
[rocky-gpg-keys]="$baseos_gpgkey"
[rocky-release]=system-release
)
addl_provide_removes=(
redhat-release
redhat-release-eula
)
# Check to make sure that we don't already have a full or partial
# RockyLinux install.
if [[ $(rpm -qa "${!provides_pkg_map[@]}") ]]; then
exit_message \
$'Found a full or partial RockyLinux install already in place. Aborting\n'
$'because continuing with the migration could cause further damage to system.'
fi
for pkg in "${!provides_pkg_map[@]}"; do
printf '.'
prov=${provides_pkg_map[$pkg]}
pkg_map[$pkg]=$(provides_pkg "$prov") ||
exit_message "Can't get package that provides $prov."
done
for prov in "${addl_provide_removes[@]}"; do
printf '.'
local pkg;
pkg=$(provides_pkg "$prov") || continue
addl_pkg_removes+=("$pkg")
done
printf '%s\n' '' '' "Found the following system packages which map from $PRETTY_NAME to Rocky Linux 8:"
column -t -s $'\t' -N "$PRETTY_NAME,Rocky Linux 8" < <(for p in "${!pkg_map[@]}"; do
printf '%s\t%s\n' "${pkg_map[$p]}" "$p"
done)
infomsg $'\n'"Getting list of installed system packages."$'\n'
readarray -t installed_packages < <(saferpm -qa --queryformat="%{NAME}\n" "${pkg_map[@]}")
declare -g -A installed_pkg_check installed_pkg_map
for p in "${installed_packages[@]}"; do
installed_pkg_check[$p]=1
done
for p in "${!pkg_map[@]}"; do
if [[ ${pkg_map[$p]} && ${installed_pkg_check[${pkg_map[$p]}]} ]]; then
installed_pkg_map[$p]=${pkg_map[$p]}
fi
done;
printf '%s\n' '' "We will replace the following $PRETTY_NAME packages with their Rocky Linux 8 equivalents"
column -t -s $'\t' -N "Packages to be Removed,Packages to be Installed" < <(
for p in "${!installed_pkg_map[@]}"; do
printf '%s\t%s\n' "${installed_pkg_map[$p]}" "$p"
done
)
if (( ${#addl_pkg_removes[@]} )); then
printf '%s\n' '' "In addition to the above the following system packages will be removed:" \
"${addl_pkg_removes[@]}"
fi
# Release packages that are part of SIG's should be listed below when they
# are available.
# UPDATE: We may or may not do something with SIG's here, it could just be
# left as a separate excersize to swap out the sig repos.
#sigs_to_swap=()
infomsg '%s' $'\n' \
$'Getting a list of enabled modules for the system repositories.\n'
# Get a list of system enabled modules.
readarray -t enabled_modules < <(
set -e -o pipefail
safednf -q "${repo_map[@]/#/--repo=}" module list --enabled |
awk '
$1 == "@modulefailsafe", /^$/ {next}
$1 == "Name", /^$/ {if ($1!="Name" && !/^$/) print $1":"$2}
' | sort -u
set +e +o pipefail
)
# Map the known module name differences.
disable_modules=()
local i gl repl mod
for i in "${!enabled_modules[@]}"; do
mod=${enabled_modules[$i]}
for gl in "${!module_glob_map[@]}"; do
repl=${module_glob_map[$gl]}
mod=${mod/$gl/$repl}
done
if [[ $mod != ${enabled_modules[$i]} ]]; then
disable_modules+=(${enabled_modules[$i]})
enabled_modules[$i]=$mod
fi
done
# Remove entries matching any excluded modules.
if (( ${#module_excludes[@]} )); then
printf '%s\n' '' "Excluding modules:" "${module_excludes[@]}"
local -A module_check='()'
local -a tmparr='()'
for m in "${module_excludes[@]}"; do
module_check[$m]=1
done
for m in "${enabled_modules[@]}"; do
if [[ ! ${module_check[$m]} ]]; then
tmparr+=("$m")
fi
done
enabled_modules=("${tmparr[@]}")
fi
printf '%s\n' '' "Found the following modules to re-enable at completion:" \
"${enabled_modules[@]}" ''
if (( ${#managed_repos[@]} )); then
printf '%s\n' '' "In addition, since this system uses subscription-manger the following managed repos will be disabled:" \
"${managed_repos[@]}"
fi
}
convert_info_dir=/root/convert
unset convert_to_rocky reinstall_all_rpms verify_all_rpms update_efi
usage() {
printf '%s\n' \
"Usage: ${0##*/} [OPTIONS]" \
'' \
'Options:' \
'-h Display this help' \
'-r Convert to rocky' \
'-V Verify switch' \
' !! USE WITH CAUTION !!'
exit 1
} >&2
generate_rpm_info() {
mkdir /root/convert
infomsg "Creating a list of RPMs installed: $1"$'\n'
rpm -qa --qf "%{NAME}|%{VERSION}|%{RELEASE}|%{INSTALLTIME}|%{VENDOR}|%{BUILDTIME}|%{BUILDHOST}|%{SOURCERPM}|%{LICENSE}|%{PACKAGER}\n" | sort > "${convert_info_dir}/$HOSTNAME-rpm-list-$1.log"
infomsg "Verifying RPMs installed against RPM database: $1"$'\n\n'
rpm -Va | sort -k3 > "${convert_info_dir}/$HOSTNAME-rpm-list-verified-$1.log"
}
# Run a dnf update before the actual migration.
pre_update() {
infomsg '%s\n' "Running dnf update before we attempt the migration."
dnf -y update || exit_message \
$'Error running pre-update. Stopping now to avoid putting the system in an\n'\
$'unstable state. Please correct the issues shown here and try again.'
}
package_swaps() {
# Save off any subscription-manger keys, just in case.
if ( shopt -s failglob dotglob; : "$sm_ca_dir"/* ) 2>/dev/null ; then
tmp_sm_ca_dir=$tmp_dir/sm-certs
mkdir "$tmp_sm_ca_dir" ||
exit_message "Could not create directory: $tmp_sm_ca_dir"
cp -f -dR --preserve=all "$sm_ca_dir"/* "$tmp_sm_ca_dir/" ||
exit_message "Could not copy certs to $tmp_sm_ca_dir"
fi
# prepare repo parameters
local -a dnfparameters
for repo in "${!repo_urls[@]}"; do
dnfparameters+=( "--repofrompath=${repo},${repo_urls[${repo}]}" )
dnfparameters+=( "--setopt=${repo}.gpgcheck=1" )
dnfparameters+=( "--setopt=${repo}.gpgkey=file://${gpg_key_file}" )
done
# Use dnf shell to swap the system packages out.
safednf -y shell --disablerepo=\* --noautoremove \
--setopt=protected_packages= --setopt=keepcache=True \
"${dnfparameters[@]}" \
<<EOF
remove ${installed_pkg_map[@]} ${addl_pkg_removes[@]}
install ${!installed_pkg_map[@]}
run
exit
EOF
# rocky-repos and rocky-gpg-keys are now installed, so we don't need the key file anymore
rm -rf "$gpg_tmp_dir"
# We need to check to make sure that all of the original system packages
# have been removed and all of the new ones have been added. If a package
# was supposed to be removed and one with the same name added back then
# we're kind of screwed for this check, as we can't be certain, but all the
# packages we're adding start with "rocky-*" so this really shouldn't happen
# and we can safely not check for it. The worst that will happen is a rocky
# linux package will be removed and then installed again.
local -a check_removed check_installed
readarray -t check_removed < <(
saferpm -qa --qf '%{NAME}\n' "${installed_pkg_map[@]}" \
"${addl_pkg_removes[@]}" | sort -u
)
if (( ${#check_removed[@]} )); then
infomsg '%s' $'\n' \
"Packages found on system that should still be removed. Forcibly" \
" removing them with rpm:"$'\n'
# Removed packages still found on the system. Forcibly remove them.
for pkg in "${check_removed[@]}"; do
# Extra safety measure, skip if empty string
if [[ -z $pkg ]]; then
continue
fi
printf '%s\n' "$pkg"
saferpm -e --allmatches --nodeps "$pkg" ||
saferpm -e --allmatches --nodeps --noscripts --notriggers "$pkg"
done
fi
# Check to make sure we installed everything we were supposed to.
readarray -t check_installed < <(
{
printf '%s\n' "${!installed_pkg_map[@]}" | sort -u
saferpm -qa --qf '%{NAME}\n' "${!installed_pkg_map[@]}" | sort -u
} | sort | uniq -u
)
if (( ${#check_installed[@]} )); then
infomsg '%s' $'\n' \
"Some required packages were not installed by dnf. Attempting to" \
" force with rpm:"$'\n'
# Get a list of rpm packages to package names
local -A rpm_map
local -a file_list
for rpm in /var/cache/dnf/{rockybaseos,rockyappstream}-*/packages/*.rpm
do
rpm_map[$(
rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}\n' --nodigest "$rpm" 2>/dev/null
)]=$rpm
done
# Attempt to install.
for pkg in "${check_installed[@]}"; do
printf '%s\n' "$pkg"
if ! rpm -i --force --nodeps --nodigest "${rpm_map[$pkg]}" \
2>/dev/null; then
# Try to install the package in just the db, then clean it up.
rpm -i --force --justdb --nodeps --nodigest "${rpm_map[$pkg]}" \
2>/dev/null
# Get list of files that are still causing problems and donk
# them.
readarray -t file_list < <(
rpm -V "$pkg" 2>/dev/null | awk '$1!="missing" {print $2}'
)
for file in "${file_list[@]}"; do
rmdir "$file" ||
rm -f "$file" ||
rm -rf "$file"
done
# Now try re-installing the package to replace the missing
# files. Regardless of the outcome here we just accept it and
# move on and hope for the best.
rpm -i --reinstall --force --nodeps --nodigest \
"${rpm_map[$pkg]}" 2>/dev/null
fi
done
fi
# Distrosync
infomsg $'Ensuring repos are enabled before the package swap\n'
safednf -y --enableplugin=config-manager config-manager \
--set-enabled "${!repo_map[@]}" || {
printf '%s\n' 'Repo name missing?'
exit 25
}
if (( ${#managed_repos[@]} )); then
# Filter the managed repos for ones still in the system.
readarray -t managed_repos < <(
safednf -q repolist "${managed_repos[@]}" | awk '$1!="repo" {print $1}'
)
if (( ${#managed_repos[@]} )); then
infomsg $'\nDisabling subscription managed repos\n'
safednf -y --enableplugin=config-manager config-manager \
--disable "${managed_repos[@]}"
fi
fi
if (( ${#disable_modules[@]} )); then
infomsg $'Disabling modules\n\n'
safednf -y module disable "${disable_modules[@]}" ||
exit_message "Can't disable modules ${disable_modules[*]}"
fi
if (( ${#enabled_modules[@]} )); then
infomsg $'Enabling modules\n\n'
safednf -y module enable "${enabled_modules[@]}" ||
exit_message "Can't enable modules ${enabled_modules[*]}"
fi
# Make sure that excluded repos are disabled.
infomsg $'Disabling excluded modules\n\n'
safednf -y module disable "${module_excludes[@]}" ||
exit_message "Can't disable modules ${module_excludes[*]}"
infomsg $'\nSyncing packages\n\n'
dnf -y distro-sync || exit_message "Error during distro-sync."
if rpm --quiet -q subscription-manager; then
infomsg $'Subscription Manager found on system.\n'
cat <<EOF
If you're converting from a subscription-managed distribution such as RHEL then
you may no longer need subscription-manager or dnf-plugin-subscription-manager.
While it won't hurt anything to have it on your system you may be able to safely
remove it with:
"dnf remove subscription-manager dnf-plugin-subscription-manager".
Take care that it doesn't remove something that you want to keep.
The subscription-manager dnf plugin may be enabled for the benefit of
Subscription Management. If no longer desired, you can use
"subscription-manager config --rhsm.auto_enable_yum_plugins=0" to block this
behavior.
EOF
fi
if [[ $tmp_sm_ca_dir ]]; then
# Check to see if there's Subscription Manager certs which have been
# removed
local -a removed_certs
readarray -t removed_certs < <((
shopt -s nullglob dotglob
local -a certs
cd "$sm_ca_dir" && certs=(*)
cd "$tmp_sm_ca_dir" && certs+=(*)
IFS=$'\n'
printf '%s' "${certs[*]}"
) | sort | uniq -u)
if (( ${#removed_certs[@]} )); then
cp -n -dR --preserve=all "$tmp_sm_ca_dir"/* "$sm_ca_dir/" ||
exit_message "Could not copy certs back to $sm_ca_dir"
infomsg '%s' \
$'Some Subscription Manager certificates ' \
"were restored to $sm_ca_dir after"$'\n' \
$'migration so that the subscription-manager ' \
$'command will continue to work:\n\n'
printf '%s\n' "${removed_certs[@]}" ''
cat <<EOF
If you no longer need to use the subscription-manager command then you may
safely remove these files.
EOF
fi
fi
}
# Check if this system is running on EFI
# If yes, we'll need to run fix_efi() at the end of the conversion
efi_check () {
# Check if we have /sys mounted and it is looking sane
if ! [[ -d /sys/class/block ]]; then
exit_message "/sys is not accessible."
fi
# Now that we know /sys is reliable, use it to check if we are running on EFI or not
if [[ -d /sys/firmware/efi/ ]]; then
declare -g update_efi
update_efi=true
fi
}
# Called to update the EFI boot.
fix_efi () (
grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/efi/EFI/rocky/grub.cfg ||
exit_message "Error updating the grub config."
for i in "${!efi_disk[@]}"; do
efibootmgr -c -d "/dev/${efi_disk[$i]}" -p "${efi_partition[$i]}" \
-L "Rocky Linux" -l /EFI/rocky/grubx64.efi ||
exit_message "Error updating uEFI firmware."
done
)
# Download and verify the Rocky Linux package signing key
establish_gpg_trust () {
# create temp dir and verify it is really created and empty, so we are sure deleting it afterwards won't cause any harm
declare -g gpg_tmp_dir
gpg_tmp_dir=$tmp_dir/gpg
if ! mkdir "$gpg_tmp_dir" || [[ ! -d "$gpg_tmp_dir" ]]; then
exit_message "Error creating temp dir"
fi
# failglob makes pathname expansion fail if empty, dotglob adds files starting with . to pathname expansion
if ( shopt -s failglob dotglob; : "$gpg_tmp_dir"/* ) 2>/dev/null ; then
exit_message "Temp dir not empty"
fi
# extract the filename from the url, use the temp dir just created
declare -g gpg_key_file="$gpg_tmp_dir/${gpg_key_url##*/}"
if ! curl -L -o "$gpg_key_file" --silent --show-error "$gpg_key_url"; then
rm -rf "$gpg_tmp_dir"
exit_message "Error downloading the Rocky Linux signing key."
fi
if ! sha512sum --quiet -c <<<"$gpg_key_sha512 $gpg_key_file"; then
rm -rf "$gpg_tmp_dir"
exit_message "Error validating the signing key."
fi
}
## End actual work
noopts=0
while getopts "hrVR" option; do
(( noopts++ ))
case "$option" in
h)
usage
;;
r)
convert_to_rocky=true
;;
V)
verify_all_rpms=true
;;
*)
errmsg $'Invalid switch\n'
usage
;;
esac
done
if (( ! noopts )); then
usage
fi
pre_setup
trap exit_clean EXIT
pre_check
efi_check
bin_check
if [[ $verify_all_rpms ]]; then
generate_rpm_info begin
fi
if [[ $convert_to_rocky ]]; then
collect_system_info
establish_gpg_trust
pre_update
package_swaps
fi
if [[ $verify_all_rpms && $convert_to_rocky ]]; then
generate_rpm_info finish
infomsg $'You may review the following files:\n'
find /root/convert -type f -name "$HOSTNAME-rpms-*.log"
fi
if [[ $update_efi && $convert_to_rocky ]]; then
fix_efi
fi
printf '\n\n\n'
if [[ $convert_to_rocky ]]; then
infomsg $'\nDone, please reboot your system.\n'
fi
logmessage
好啦，CentOS 乔迁 AlmaLinux 和 Rocky Linux 的教程就到此为止啦，感谢您的阅读与支持！！
1380
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
