3.1_28_3 JDK8新特性【Date】之ChronoUnit 时间单位枚举

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已于 2022-04-28 17:30:30 修改

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分类专栏：三.Java 文章标签： java 开发语言后端

于 2022-02-11 11:20:44 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43529621/article/details/122876652

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5. 新API详解

id=14 ChronoUnit 时间单位枚举

ChronoUnit枚举类比较特殊，需要单独拿出来说一下。

id	类名	作用
14	Enum ChronoUnit	TemporalAmount 接口的实现类，采用枚举类的方式表示一些计算常用时间单位。（常用 e.日期加减：作为plus，minus方法的参数，指定计算的最小单位）例如：一纳秒（ChronoUnit.NANOS）一微秒（ChronoUnit.MICROS）一毫秒（ChronoUnit.MILLIS）一秒（ChronoUnit.SECONDS）一分钟（ChronoUnit.MINUTES）一小时（ChronoUnit.HOURS）半天（ChronoUnit.HALF_DAYS）一天（ChronoUnit.DAYS）一周（ChronoUnit.WEEKS）一个月（ChronoUnit.MONTHS）一年（ChronoUnit.YEARS）十年（ChronoUnit.DECADES）百年(一个世纪)（ChronoUnit.CENTURIES）千年（ChronoUnit.MILLENNIA）十亿年(一个纪元)（ChronoUnit.ERAS） 2.92277266×10¹¹年(永恒)（ChronoUnit.FOREVER）实例：获取举例今天100年以后的本地日期时间 LocalDate DecadesFromNow = LocalDate.now().plus(1,ChronoUnit.DECADES); -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TemporalUnit是个接口，一般直接使用该接口在Java8自带的实现类即可（ChronoUnit） idea查看uml图方式=> IDEA使用常见问题记录的2.1.3 uml图

遍历ChronoUnit枚举中的所有值： => 参考文献

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChronoUnit[] values = ChronoUnit.values();
        Arrays.stream(values).forEach(unit -> {
            Duration duration = unit.getDuration();//持续时间
            long seconds = duration.getSeconds();//秒数
            System.out.println("单位(" + unit + ")；   " +
                                "持续范围：(" + duration + ")；   " +
                                "秒数（" + seconds + " 秒）");
        });
    }

打印结果：

	单位(Nanos)；   持续范围：(PT0.000000001S)；   秒数（0 秒）
	单位(Micros)；   持续范围：(PT0.000001S)；   秒数（0 秒）
	单位(Millis)；   持续范围：(PT0.001S)；   秒数（0 秒）
	单位(Seconds)；   持续范围：(PT1S)；   秒数（1 秒）
	单位(Minutes)；   持续范围：(PT1M)；   秒数（60 秒）
	单位(Hours)；   持续范围：(PT1H)；   秒数（3600 秒）
	单位(HalfDays)；   持续范围：(PT12H)；   秒数（43200 秒）
	单位(Days)；   持续范围：(PT24H)；   秒数（86400 秒）
	单位(Weeks)；   持续范围：(PT168H)；   秒数（604800 秒）
	单位(Months)；   持续范围：(PT730H29M6S)；   秒数（2629746 秒）
	单位(Years)；   持续范围：(PT8765H49M12S)；   秒数（31556952 秒）
	单位(Decades)；   持续范围：(PT87658H12M)；   秒数（315569520 秒）
	单位(Centuries)；   持续范围：(PT876582H)；   秒数（3155695200 秒）
	单位(Millennia)；   持续范围：(PT8765820H)；   秒数（31556952000 秒）
	单位(Eras)；   持续范围：(PT8765820000000H)；   秒数（31556952000000000 秒）
	单位	(Forever)；   持续范围：(PT2562047788015215H30M7.999999999S)；   秒数（9223372036854775807 秒）

结果说明：

部分翻译	原文
① 上面显示的每个持续范围(Duration) 表示形式上的 PT 前缀表示根据 ISO-8601标准。持续时间标记(P=Period) 、时间(T=Time)、分钟(M=Mintue)、秒(S=Second)、小时(H=Hour) 表示小于1秒的时间单位 (NANOS 、 MICROS 、MILLIS) 的ChronoUnit的值显示0秒，因为它们小于1秒，且返回值为长整形(Long)。 ② ChronoUnit类每个枚举值的含义，在Javadoc(Java注释)中解释的都很到位。例如，ChronoUnit.ERAS 的Javadoc中指出：“代表时代概念的单位”。 ISO日历系统没有纪元，因此无法在日期或日期时间中添加纪元。人为的将时代的估计持续时间定义为1,000,000,000年。当与其他日历系统一起使用时，就没有任何限制了。 ③ ChronoUnit.FOREVER 的持续范围(Duration) 为" PT2562047788015215H30M7.999999999S“，对应于2562047788015215小时，30分钟7.999999999秒、或9 223 372 036 854 775 807、或2.92277266×10¹¹年。” ④ 什么时候会用到 ChronoUnit.FOREVER？在Javadoc中阐述了其存在的主要原因：“代表永远概念的单位”。一般与TemporalField一起使用，以表示无限制的字段。例如年份或时代。人为地将时代的估计持续时间被人为地定义为Duration支持的最长持续时间。”	① The “PT” prefix on each of the Duration‘s string representations shown above indicates that the representation is a “period” duration designation (“P”) and a “time” designation (“T”) per the ISO-8601 standard. The “S”, “M”, and “H” are seconds, minutes, and hours respectively. The values of ChronoUnit that represent time units less than a second (NANOS, MICROS, and MILLIS) show “0 seconds” because they are less than 1 second and the returned value is an integral long. ② The Javadoc comments on each value defined in the ChronoUnit class are well written. They follow what in my mind is a Javadoc “best practice”: place a concise but informative initial sentence in the Javadoc to show up in the “Method Summary” section of the generated HTML page and place additional useful details in sentences after that initial summary sentence. For example, the Javadoc comment for ChronoUnit.ERAS states, “Unit that represents the concept of an era. The ISO calendar system doesn’t have eras thus it is impossible to add an era to a date or date-time. The estimated duration of the era is artificially defined as 1,000,000,000 Years. When used with other calendar systems there are no restrictions on the unit.” The bolded sentence (I added that emphasis) is what shows up in the “Method Summary” and the entire text shown here is displayed above the method in its complete explanation. ③ One of the more interesting values in the ChronoUnit enum is FOREVER. As the output of the code listing above demonstrated, the FOREVER value has a Duration of “PT2562047788015215H30M7.999999999S”, corresponding to 2562047788015215 hours, 30 minutes, and 7.999999999 seconds. Or, as Grzegorz Gajos expresses it, “Java defines forever as 9 223 372 036 854 775 807 seconds. Which is 2.92277266 × 1011 years. Better be sure to schedule Java upgrade in your application before times run out.” ④ When would ChronoUnit.FOREVER be useful? Its Javadoc-based description explains its primary reason for existence: “Artificial unit that represents the concept of forever. This is primarily used with TemporalField to represent unbounded fields such as the year or era. The estimated duration of the era is artificially defined as the largest duration supported by Duration.”

部分翻译

原文

① 上面显示的每个持续范围(Duration) 表示形式上的 PT 前缀表示根据 ISO-8601标准。
持续时间标记(P=Period) 、时间(T=Time)、分钟(M=Mintue)、秒(S=Second)、小时(H=Hour)
表示小于1秒的时间单位 (NANOS 、 MICROS 、MILLIS) 的ChronoUnit的值显示0秒，因为它们小于1秒，且返回值为长整形(Long)。

② ChronoUnit类每个枚举值的含义，在Javadoc(Java注释)中解释的都很到位。例如，ChronoUnit.ERAS 的Javadoc中指出：“代表时代概念的单位”。 ISO日历系统没有纪元，因此无法在日期或日期时间中添加纪元。人为的将时代的估计持续时间定义为1,000,000,000年。当与其他日历系统一起使用时，就没有任何限制了。

③ ChronoUnit.FOREVER 的持续范围(Duration) 为" PT2562047788015215H30M7.999999999S“，对应于2562047788015215小时，30分钟7.999999999秒、或9 223 372 036 854 775 807、或2.92277266×10¹¹年。”
在这里插入图片描述

④ 什么时候会用到 ChronoUnit.FOREVER？在Javadoc中阐述了其存在的主要原因：“代表永远概念的单位”。一般与TemporalField一起使用，以表示无限制的字段。例如年份或时代。人为地将时代的估计持续时间被人为地定义为Duration支持的最长持续时间。”

① The “PT” prefix on each of the Duration‘s string representations shown above indicates that the representation is a “period” duration designation (“P”) and a “time” designation (“T”) per the ISO-8601 standard. The “S”, “M”, and “H” are seconds, minutes, and hours respectively. The values of ChronoUnit that represent time units less than a second (NANOS, MICROS, and MILLIS) show “0 seconds” because they are less than 1 second and the returned value is an integral long.

② The Javadoc comments on each value defined in the ChronoUnit class are well written. They follow what in my mind is a Javadoc “best practice”: place a concise but informative initial sentence in the Javadoc to show up in the “Method Summary” section of the generated HTML page and place additional useful details in sentences after that initial summary sentence. For example, the Javadoc comment for ChronoUnit.ERAS states, “Unit that represents the concept of an era. The ISO calendar system doesn’t have eras thus it is impossible to add an era to a date or date-time. The estimated duration of the era is artificially defined as 1,000,000,000 Years. When used with other calendar systems there are no restrictions on the unit.” The bolded sentence (I added that emphasis) is what shows up in the “Method Summary” and the entire text shown here is displayed above the method in its complete explanation.

③ One of the more interesting values in the ChronoUnit enum is FOREVER. As the output of the code listing above demonstrated, the FOREVER value has a Duration of “PT2562047788015215H30M7.999999999S”, corresponding to 2562047788015215 hours, 30 minutes, and 7.999999999 seconds. Or, as Grzegorz Gajos expresses it, “Java defines forever as 9 223 372 036 854 775 807 seconds. Which is 2.92277266 × 1011 years. Better be sure to schedule Java upgrade in your application before times run out.”

④ When would ChronoUnit.FOREVER be useful? Its Javadoc-based description explains its primary reason for existence: “Artificial unit that represents the concept of forever. This is primarily used with TemporalField to represent unbounded fields such as the year or era. The estimated duration of the era is artificially defined as the largest duration supported by Duration.”

22/02/11