【OpenCV入门学习--python】滤波器处理图像

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OpenCV入门学习20220708

运行软件：Jupyter
语言：python

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代码例子源于OpenCV官网的学习手册：https://opencv.org/
例子：
加载一个图像，使用4种不同的滤波器(blur()；GaussianBlur()；medianBlur()；bilateralFilter()），并依次显示滤波后的图像
源码：

import sys
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
#  Global Variables
DELAY_CAPTION = 1500
DELAY_BLUR = 100
MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH = 31
src = None
dst = None
window_name = 'Smoothing Demo'
def main(argv):
    cv.namedWindow(window_name, cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
    # Load the source image
    imageName = argv[0] if len(argv) > 0 else 'lena.jpg'
    global src
    src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(imageName))
    if src is None:
        print ('Error opening image')
        print ('Usage: smoothing.py [image_name -- default ../data/lena.jpg] \n')
        return -1
    if display_caption('Original Image') != 0:
        return 0
    global dst
    dst = np.copy(src)
    if display_dst(DELAY_CAPTION) != 0:
        return 0
    # Applying Homogeneous blur
    if display_caption('Homogeneous Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.blur(src, (i, i))
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Gaussian blur
    if display_caption('Gaussian Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.GaussianBlur(src, (i, i), 0)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Median blur
    if display_caption('Median Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.medianBlur(src, i)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Bilateral Filter
    if display_caption('Bilateral Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.bilateralFilter(src, i, i * 2, i / 2)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    #  Done
    display_caption('Done!')
    return 0
def display_caption(caption):
    global dst
    dst = np.zeros(src.shape, src.dtype)
    rows, cols, _ch = src.shape
    cv.putText(dst, caption,
                (int(cols / 4), int(rows / 2)),
                cv.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, (255, 255, 255))
    return display_dst(DELAY_CAPTION)
def display_dst(delay):
    cv.imshow(window_name, dst)
    c = cv.waitKey(delay)
    if c >= 0 : return -1
    return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])

直接运行多次报错，记录如下：

报错1：AttributeError: module 'cv2' has no attribute 'namedWindow'
解决1：当前默认环境中没有安装这个属性，是因为没有激活tensorflow环境（通过anaconda激活，或者用cmd激活）

报错2：AttributeError: module 'cv2.cv2' has no attribute 'samples
解决2：python与opencv-python版本不匹配。我的python是3.7.7，opencv-python是3.4.2.16，之后我卸载重装了最新版本opencv-contrib-python 4.6.0.66。opencv-python也要卸载重装(不注明版本时，默认最新版本)。注意要激活tensorflow环境，在tensorflow环境下安装。
安装过程如下：

卸载安装过程中报错：

原因是权限不够，需要管理员权限（用管理员身份打开cmd）：

报错3：error: OpenCV(4.6.0) D:\a\opencv-python\opencv-python\opencv\modules\core\src\utils\samples.cpp:64: error: (-2:Unspecified error) OpenCV samples: Can't find required data file: -f in function 'cv::samples::findFile'
如下图所示：

解决3：将代码行src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(imageName))改为src=cv2.imread('newlena.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)”，引入import cv2
问题4：可以运行了，但运行结果是找不到图像，如下所示：

解决4：用cmd运行：在源码文件夹路径下打开命令提示符，从命令提示符中进入tensorflow环境运行代码，可以成功运行。如下图所示：


运行结果如下图所示：

最终代码：

import sys
import cv2 as cv
import cv2
import numpy as np
#  Global Variables
DELAY_CAPTION = 1500
DELAY_BLUR = 100
MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH = 31
src = None
dst = None
window_name = 'Smoothing Demo'
def main(argv):
    cv.namedWindow(window_name, cv.WINDOW_AUTOSIZE)
    # Load the source image
    imageName = argv[0] if len(argv) > 0 else 'newlena.jpg'
    global src
    src=cv2.imread('newlena.jpg',cv2.IMREAD_COLOR)
    #src = cv.imread(cv.samples.findFile(imageName))
    if src is None:
        print ('Error opening image')
        print ('Usage: smoothing.py [image_name -- default ../data/newlena.jpg] \n')
        return -1
    if display_caption('Original Image') != 0:
        return 0
    global dst
    dst = np.copy(src)
    if display_dst(DELAY_CAPTION) != 0:
        return 0
    # Applying Homogeneous blur
    if display_caption('Homogeneous Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.blur(src, (i, i))
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Gaussian blur
    if display_caption('Gaussian Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.GaussianBlur(src, (i, i), 0)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Median blur
    if display_caption('Median Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.medianBlur(src, i)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    # Applying Bilateral Filter
    if display_caption('Bilateral Blur') != 0:
        return 0
    
    for i in range(1, MAX_KERNEL_LENGTH, 2):
        dst = cv.bilateralFilter(src, i, i * 2, i / 2)
        if display_dst(DELAY_BLUR) != 0:
            return 0
    
    #  Done
    display_caption('Done!')
    return 0
def display_caption(caption):
    global dst
    dst = np.zeros(src.shape, src.dtype)
    rows, cols, _ch = src.shape
    cv.putText(dst, caption,
                (int(cols / 4), int(rows / 2)),
                cv.FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, (255, 255, 255))
    return display_dst(DELAY_CAPTION)
def display_dst(delay):
    cv.imshow(window_name, dst)
    c = cv.waitKey(delay)
    if c >= 0 : return -1
    return 0
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main(sys.argv[1:])