ListView
- 创建实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型
- 创建adapter ,adapter 是连接后端数据和前端显示的适配器接口,是数据和UI(View)之间一个重要的纽带 ,用来帮助填出数据的中间桥梁,将各种数据以合适的形式显示在View中给用户看
- mainActivity具体实现
/**
* 准备好实体类 作为ListView适配器的适配类型
*/
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
public void setImageId(int imageId) {
this.imageId = imageId;
}
}
getView()是最关键的方法,它决定了每一项返回的内容
步骤:
1.一个LayoutInflater对象把子项的XML文件加载成View对象
【LayoutInflater对象是一个布局装饰器,需要context来构建,调用他的inflate()方法可以把XML转化成View】
2.重写getView()方法
convertView是系统提供给我们的可供服用的View 的缓存对象
ViewHolder用于对控件实例进行缓存[重用组件]
(复用ConvertView以及自定义ViewHolder 减少findViewById()的调用)
- 通过setTag()方法存储到view中
- 通过getTag()方法从view中取出
FruitAdapter:
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 1.获取当前item实例,
* 2.根据传进来的resourceId加载布局,3.在该布局中通过id获得组件
* convertView参数用于将之前加载好的布局重新加载
* (convertView是系统提供给我们的可供服用的View 的缓存对象)
* 如果convertView参数为空:
* 加载布局,在该布局中通过id获得组件,通过iewHolder对控件实例缓存
* 通过view的setTag()方法将ViewHolder实例存储在view中
* 如果不为空
* convertView布局赋值给view
* 通过view的getTag()方法将ViewHolder重新取出
*4.返回该布局
*/
public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{
private int resourceId;
public FruitAdapter(@NonNull Context context, int textViewResourceId, @NonNull List<Fruit> objects) {
super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
resourceId = textViewResourceId;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public View getView(int position, @Nullable View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent) {
//convertView参数用于将之前加载好的布局重新加载
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
Fruit fruit = getItem(position);//获取当前项的Fruit实例
if (convertView==null){//优化性能,如果convertView为null,,使用LayoutInflater加载布局,
// 如果不为null,直接对convertView进行重用
view= LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.fruitImage = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
viewHolder.fruitName=view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder);//将ViewHolder存储在View中
}else{
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();//重新获取ViewHolder
}
viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
return view;
}
//内部类,用于对控件实例进行缓存
class ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
}
}
MainActivity:
1.首先需要声明一个fruitList数组用来存放数据
2.加载布局
3.初始化数据
4.new一个FruitAdapter,三个变量分别为context,布局id,填充数据fruitList(通过构造器adapter绑定数据源布局和adapter)
5.根据id获得listView视图
6.将adapter作为适配器传递给listView
7.设置点击事件,通过position判断用户点击的是哪一个item
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
private void initFruits() {
for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
Fruit fruit = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.ic_launcher_background);
fruitList.add(fruit);
}
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>
1.需要一个构造函数把数据源传进来,并且赋值给全局变量,后续操作在该全局变量上操作
2.重写以下方法:
onCreateViewHolder()
用于创建ViewHolder实例
onBindViewHolder()
对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值,会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候执行
getItemCount()
告诉recyclerView一共多少子项直接返回数据源长度
3.ViewHolder继承自RecyclerView.ViewHolder,重写ViewHolder方法,对加载好的控件进行缓存
RecyclerView
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class FruitAdapter1 extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter1.ViewHolder> {
public List<Fruit> mFruitList;
//该方法把要展示的数据源传进来,并且赋值给一个全局变量mFruitList
//后续操作都将再这个数据源的基础上进行
public FruitAdapter1(List<Fruit> mFruitList) {
this.mFruitList = mFruitList;
}
/**
* onCreateViewHolder()用于创建ViewHolder实例
* 加载布局
* 创建ViewHolder实例并把加载出来布局传入构造函数
* 将ViewHolder实例返回
* @param parent
* @param viewType
* @return
*/
@NonNull
@Override
public FruitAdapter1.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item,parent,false);
ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
return holder;
}
/**
* onBindViewHolder()
* 对RecyclerView子项的数据进行赋值,会在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候执行
* 通过position获得当前项Fruit实例
* 然后再将数据设置到ViewHolder的ImageView和TextView当中
* @param holder
* @param position
*/
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull FruitAdapter1.ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
}
/**
* getItemCount()
* 告诉recyclerView一共多少子项直接返回数据源长度
* @return
*/
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
//itemView是RecyclerView子项最外层布局
super(itemView);
fruitImage = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
}
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.os.Bundle;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
/**
* 1.初始化数据
* 2.创建LinearLayoutManager对象设置到RecyclerView中 ,layoutManager指定RecyclerView布局方式
* 3创建FruitAdapter实例,把水果数据传入FruitAdapter的构造函数中
* 4.调用RecyclerView的setAdapter()方法完成适配器设置,这样ReciclerView和数据之间的关联就建立完成了
* @param savedInstanceState
*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
FruitAdapter1 adapter1 = new FruitAdapter1(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter1);
}
private void initFruits() {
for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
Fruit fruit = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.ic_launcher_background);
fruitList.add(fruit);
}
}
}