（5）SpringMVC——REST风格的CRUD案例实现（无数据库）

qq_43555873

已于 2022-05-23 10:51:55 修改

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文章标签： spring java 后端 springmvc crud

于 2022-03-28 21:20:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_43555873/article/details/123805743

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1 环境搭建

1 创建web工程，导入以下jar包

在这里插入图片描述

2 配置web.xml文件

配置过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter
配置前端控制器DispacherServlet
配置过滤器HiddenHttpMethodFilter

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--配置CharacterEncodingFilter过滤器，解决POST请求中文乱码问题
       注意：该过滤器一定要配置到最上面
   -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <!--设置属性encoding的值-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--设置属性forceRequestEncoding的值-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>forceRequestEncoding</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--配置前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 配置DispatcherServlet的初始化參數：设置SpringMVC文件的路径和文件名称 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!--配置HiddenHttpMethodFilte过滤器，目的是为了将POST请求转换为PUT或DELETE请求-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

3 创建SpringMVC的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--配置自动扫描的包-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.crud"></context:component-scan>
    <!--配置视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--配置前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
        <!--配置后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--配置处理静态资源-->
	<mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>
	<!--配置了处理静态资源之后也需要配置以下标签-->
	<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

</beans>

4 创建实体类和Dao

1) 实体类

a)	Employee

public class Employee {

   private Integer id;
   private String lastName;

   private String email;
   //1 male, 0 female
   private Integer gender;
   
   private Department department;
   
   public Integer getId() {
      return id;
   }

   public void setId(Integer id) {
      this.id = id;
   }

   public String getLastName() {
      return lastName;
   }

   public void setLastName(String lastName) {
      this.lastName = lastName;
   }

   public String getEmail() {
      return email;
   }

   public void setEmail(String email) {
      this.email = email;
   }

   public Integer getGender() {
      return gender;
   }

   public void setGender(Integer gender) {
      this.gender = gender;
   }

   public Department getDepartment() {
      return department;
   }

   public void setDepartment(Department department) {
      this.department = department;
   }

   public Employee(Integer id, String lastName, String email, Integer gender,
         Department department) {
      super();
      this.id = id;
      this.lastName = lastName;
      this.email = email;
      this.gender = gender;
      this.department = department;
   }

   public Employee() {
   }

   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return "Employee [id=" + id + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", email="
            + email + ", gender=" + gender + ", department=" + department
            + "]";
   } 
}

b) Department

public class Department {
   private Integer id;
   private String departmentName;
   
   public Department() {
   }
   public Department(int i, String string) {
      this.id = i;
      this.departmentName = string;
   }
   public Integer getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId(Integer id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getDepartmentName() {
      return departmentName;
   }
   public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
      this.departmentName = departmentName;
   }
   @Override
   public String toString() {
      return "Department [id=" + id + ", departmentName=" + departmentName + "]";
   }
}

2) Dao

a) EmployeeDao

import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department;
import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {

   private static Map<Integer, Employee> employees = null;
   
   @Autowired
   private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
   
   static{
      employees = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();

      employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
      employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "bb@163.com", 1, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
      employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "cc@163.com", 0, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
      employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "dd@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
      employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "ee@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
   }
   
   private static Integer initId = 1006;
   
   public void save(Employee employee){
      if(employee.getId() == null){
         employee.setId(initId++);
      }
      
      employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
      employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
   }
   
   public Collection<Employee> getAll(){
      return employees.values();
   }
   
   public Employee get(Integer id){
      return employees.get(id);
   }
   
   public void delete(Integer id){
      employees.remove(id);
   }
}

b) DepartmentDao

import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Department;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {

   private static Map<Integer, Department> departments = null;
   
   static{
      departments = new HashMap<Integer, Department>();
      
      departments.put(101, new Department(101, "D-AA"));
      departments.put(102, new Department(102, "D-BB"));
      departments.put(103, new Department(103, "D-CC"));
      departments.put(104, new Department(104, "D-DD"));
      departments.put(105, new Department(105, "D-EE"));
   }
   
   public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){
      return departments.values();
   }
   
   public Department getDepartment(Integer id){
      return departments.get(id);
   }   
}

2 功能实现

1 获取所有员工

在首页中创建超链接

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/getEmployees">获取所有员工</a>

创建处理器类EmployeeHandler

a) 注入EmployeeDao
b) 创建处理方法

import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.atguigu.springmvc.crud.entities.Employee;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Map;

@Controller
public class EmployeeHandler {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeDao employeeDao;

    @RequestMapping(value = "getEmployees",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getEmployees(Map<String , Object> map){
        //调用EmployeeDao中获取所有员工的方法
        Collection<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
        //将employees放到map中
        map.put("emps",employees);
        return "list";
    }
}

在WEB-INF/views目录下创建视图页面list.jsp

a) 从request域中获取所有的员工
b) 使用jstl的if标签判断是否为空
i. 为空显示没有任何员工
ii. 非空使用forEach标签遍历所有员工
c) 使用EL表达式显示员工信息

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>查询所有员工</title>
</head>
<body>
    <center>
        <c:if test="${empty requestScope.emps}">
            <h1>没有任何员工</h1>
        </c:if>
        <c:if test="${not empty requestScope.emps}">
            <h1>员工信息</h1>
            <table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
                <tr>
                    <th>Id</th>
                    <th>LastName</th>
                    <th>Email</th>
                    <th>Gender</th>
                    <th>Department</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Operate</th>
                </tr>
            <c:forEach items="${requestScope.emps}" var="emp">
                <tr>
                    <td>${emp.id}</td>
                    <td>${emp.lastName}</td>
                    <td>${emp.email}</td>
                    <td>
                        <c:if test="${emp.gender==1}">男</c:if>
                        <c:if test="${emp.gender==0}">女</c:if>
                    </td>
                    <td>${emp.department.departmentName}</td>
                    <td><a href="#">Edit</a></td>
                    <td><a href="#">Delete</a></td>
                </tr>
            </c:forEach>
            </table>
        </c:if>
    </center>
</body>
</html>

2 添加员工

在list.jsp页面中创建添加员工的连接

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/addEmployee">添加新员工</a>

创建去添加员工页面的处理方法
a) 注入DepartmentDao获取所有部门信息
b) 向request域中添加一个没有任何属性值的Employee对象作为模型数据

@RequestMapping(value = "/addEmployee",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String toAddEmployeePage(Map<String , Object> map){
    //调用DepartmentDao中获取所有部门的方法
    Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
    //将departments放到map中
    map.put("depts",departments);
    //将一个没有任何属性值的Employee对象作为模型数据放到map中
    map.put("emp",new Employee());
    return "add";
}

创建添加员工的页面add.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>添加员工的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>添加员工</h1>
    <form:form modelAttribute="emp">
        员工姓名：<form:input path="lastName"/><br>
        员工邮箱：<form:input path="email"/><br>
        员工性别：<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="1" label="男" />
                 <form:radiobutton path="gender" value="0" label="女" />
        <br>
        员工部门：<form:select path="department.id" items="${requestScope.depts}"
                          itemValue="id" itemLabel="departmentName"></form:select>
        <br><br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form:form>
</body>
</html>

创建添加员工的处理方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/addEmployee",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String addEmployee(Employee employee){
    //调用EmployeeDao中添加员工的方法
    employeeDao.save(employee);
    //重定向到查询所有员工的URL
    return "redirect:/getEmployees";
}

3 删除员工

在list.jsp页面的表单中设置删除员工的超链接

<td><a class="delEmp" id="${emp.lastName}" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/deleteEmployeeById/${emp.id}">Delete</a></td>

由于删除员工要发送Delete请求，但是Delete请求需要通过Post请求转换，而超链接发送的是Get请求，所以我们需要先将其转换为通过form表单发送Post请求，可以通过js代码转换。

<head>
    <title>查询所有员工</title>
    <script type="javascript" src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/static/script/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
    <script type="javascript">
        $(function () {
            //给删除员工的超链接绑定单击事件
            $(".delEmp").click(function () {
                //获取要删除的员工的名字
                var lastName = $(this).attr("id");
                //弹出提示框
                var flag = confirm("确定要删除员工 "+lastName+" 吗？");
                if(flag){
                    //获取超链接的href属性值
                    var url = $(this).attr("href");
                    //将url的值设置到form表单的action属性中
                    $("#deleteForm").attr("action",url);
                    //提交表单
                    $("#deleteForm").submit();
                }
                //取消默认行为，不让超链接发送请求
                return false;
            });
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="" method="post" id="deleteForm">
        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
    </form>

创建处理方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/deleteEmployeeById/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteEmployeeById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    //调用EmployeeDao中删除员工的方法
    employeeDao.delete(id);
    //重定向到查询所有员工的URL
    return "redirect:/getEmployees";
}

4 修改员工

在list.jsp页面的表单中设置编辑员工的超链接

<td><a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/updateEmployee/${emp.id}">Edit</a></td>

创建去修改员工页面的处理方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/updateEmployee/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String toUpdateEmployeePage(@PathVariable("id") Integer id , Map<String , Object> map){
    //调用EmployeeDao中获取员工信息的方法
    Employee employee = employeeDao.get(id);
    //调用DepartmentDao中获取所有部门的方法
    Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
    //将employee和departments放到map中
    map.put("emp",employee);
    map.put("depts",departments);
    return "update";
}

创建修改员工的页面update.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>更新员工的页面</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>更新员工</h1>
    <form:form modelAttribute="emp">
        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put">
        员工编号：<form:input path="id" readonly="true" /><br>
        员工姓名：<form:input path="lastName"/><br>
        员工邮箱：<form:input path="email"/><br>
        员工性别：<form:radiobutton path="gender" value="1" label="男" />
                 <form:radiobutton path="gender" value="0" label="女" />
        <br>
        员工部门：<form:select path="department.id" items="${requestScope.depts}"
                          itemValue="id" itemLabel="departmentName"></form:select>
        <br><br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form:form>
</body>
</html>

创建修改员工的处理方法

@RequestMapping(value = "/updateEmployee/{id}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String updateEmployee(Employee employee){
    //调用EmployeeDao中更新员工的方法
    employeeDao.save(employee);
    //重定向到查询所有员工的URL
    return "redirect:/getEmployees";
}

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（5）SpringMVC——REST风格的CRUD案例实现（无数据库）

1 环境搭建1 创建web工程，导入以下jar包2 配置web.xml文件配置过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter配置前端控制器DispacherServlet配置过滤器HiddenHttpMethodFilter<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w
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