Hibernate实现单表增删改查测试（附注解方式实现）

hibernate 简介：
hibernate是一个开源框架，它是对象关联关系映射的框架，它对JDBC做了轻量级的封装，而我们java程序员可以使用面向对象的思想来操纵数据库。
hibernate核心接口
session：负责被持久化对象CRUD操作
sessionFactory:负责初始化hibernate，创建session对象
configuration:负责配置并启动hibernate，创建SessionFactory
Transaction:负责事物相关的操作
Query和Criteria接口：负责执行各种数据库查询

hibernate工作原理：
1.通过Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();//读取并解析hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件
2.由hibernate.cfg.xml中的<mapping resource="com/xx/User.hbm.xml"/>读取并解析映射信息
3.通过SessionFactory sf = config.buildSessionFactory();//创建SessionFactory
4.Session session = sf.openSession();//打开Sesssion
5.Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();//创建并启动事务Transation
6.persistent operate操作数据，持久化操作
7.tx.commit();//提交事务
8.关闭Session
9.关闭SesstionFactory

简单了解，下面切入正题。
 

数据库（mysql）：

项目结构如图（eclipse）：

1.新建java项目，建一个lib文件夹，导入hibernate必须的jar包和mysql驱动jar包——>add to build path。

2.创建实体类(User)：

package cn.xxs.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String pwd;
	private Date createDate;
	public User() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public User(Integer id, String name, String pwd, Date createDate) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.pwd = pwd;
		this.createDate = createDate;
	}
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public String getPwd() {
		return pwd;
	}
	public void setPwd(String pwd) {
		this.pwd = pwd;
	}
	public Date getCreateDate() {
		return createDate;
	}
	public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
		this.createDate = createDate;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", pwd=" + pwd + ", createDate=" + createDate + "]";
	}
	
	
}

3.创建类的映射文件(User.hbm.xml)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
		<!-- name为实体类包名加类名 table为数据库表名 -->
		<class name="cn.xxs.entity.User" table="user">
		<!-- 主键 -->
        <id name="id" column="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <!-- 字段 -->
        <property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"/>
        <property name="pwd" type="java.lang.String" column="pwd"/>
        <property name="createDate" type="java.util.Date" column="createDate"/>
    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>

4.把User.hbm.xml文件加载到hibernate.cfg.xml核心配置文件中

<?xml version="1.0" encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>

        <!-- Database connection settings   数据库连接  -->
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">root</property>
     
        <!-- SQL dialect   方言  -->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>

       
        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout   显示sql语句 -->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        
 		<!-- 格式化sql语句 -->
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
		
        <mapping resource="cn/xxs/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>

    </session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

5.测试（增删改查）

（1）创建一个工具类

package cn.xxs.util;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	
	static {
		sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
		return sessionFactory;
	}
	
}

（2）创建测试类

package cn.xxs.test;

import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.Test;

import cn.xxs.entity.User;
import cn.xxs.util.HibernateUtil;

public class HibernateTest {

	// 1.导入hibernate必须的jar包和mysql驱动jar包
	// 2.创建类(User)
	// 3.创建类的映射文件(User.hbm.xml)
	// 4.把User.hbm.xml文件加载到hibernate.cfg.xml核心配置文件中
	// 5.测试
	//查询数据 method1
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SessionFactory sf = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();

		Session session = sf.openSession();
		User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
		System.out.println(user == null ? "" : user.toString());
	}
	//查询数据 method2
	@Test
	public void test() {
		//SessionFactory sf = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();

		Session session = sf.openSession();
		User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
		System.out.println(user == null ? "" : user.toString());

	}
	//添加数据
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		// 1、和获取SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		// 2、获取session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//保存数据
		User user = new User();
		user.setName("peter");
		user.setPwd("123");
		SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
		String str = sdf.format(new Date());
		Date date = null;
		try {
			date = sdf.parse(str);
		} catch (ParseException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		user.setCreateDate(date);
		session.save(user);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	//更新数据
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		// 1、和获取SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		// 2、获取session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//更新数据
		User user = session.get(User.class, 3);
		user.setName("lucy");
		
		session.update(user);
		
		transaction.commit();
		//关闭
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	//删除
	@Test
	public void test3() {
		// 1、和获取SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sf = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory();
		// 2、获取session
		Session session = sf.openSession();
		// 开启事务
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		//更新数据
		User user = session.get(User.class, 4);
		
		session.delete(user);
		
		transaction.commit();
		//关闭
		session.close();
	}


}

运行结果描述：

选中main（）右击,Run As --> Java Application

选中test（）右击,Run As --> Junit Test

选中test1（）右击,Run As --> Junit Test

选中test2（）右击,Run As --> JJunit Test

选中test3（）右击,Run As --> Junit Test

 

那么下边我们用注解方式实现一下：

项目结构：

我们可以看出，少了类的映射文件(User.hbm.xml)

除此之外，我们是在实体类Person.java和hibernate.cfg.xml核心配置文件做了改动。

实体类Person.java改动后：

package cn.xxs.entity;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
@Entity
@Table(name="user")
public class Person {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private String pwd;
	private Date createDate;
	public Person() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public Person(Integer id, String name, String pwd, Date createDate) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.pwd = pwd;
		this.createDate = createDate;
	}
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	@Column(name="id")
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	@Column(name="name")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	@Column
	public String getPwd() {
		return pwd;
	}
	public void setPwd(String pwd) {
		this.pwd = pwd;
	}
	@Column
	public Date getCreateDate() {
		return createDate;
	}
	public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
		this.createDate = createDate;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", pwd=" + pwd + ", createDate=" + createDate + "]";
	}
	
	
}

hibernate.cfg.xml核心配置文件只将

<mapping resource="cn/xxs/entity/User.hbm.xml"/>

改写成

<mapping class="cn.xxs.entity.Person"/>。

 

是不是注解更简单呢。