Account项目添加功能
在之前写过的基于xml配置文件的练习之上,添加一个转账的功能。
转账需要通过用户名查询用户对象。
/**
* 通过用户名查询用户对象
* @param accountName
* @return
*/
public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
try {
return runner.query("select * from account where name = ?", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
添加转账的业务类
/**
* 转账业务类
* @param sourceName
* @param targetName
* @param money
*/
public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
Account sourceAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
Account targetAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
Float sourceAfterMoney = sourceAccount.getMoney() - money;
Float targetAfterMoney = targetAccount.getMoney() + money;
sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAfterMoney);
targetAccount.setMoney(targetAfterMoney);
accountDao.update(sourceAccount);
//int a = 1/0;
accountDao.update(targetAccount);
System.out.println(sourceName + "向" + targetName +"转账" + money + "元成功");
}
添加一个测试方法,测试功能
@Test
public void testTransfer() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
//ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
AccountService accountService = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
accountService.transfer("TQ","YY",100f);
}
发现,功能可以正常运行。数据库中的数据也满足了一致性。
但是现在依然存在一个问题。
我们的数据库连接对象是多实例的,也就是说每一次读取或写入数据库都是一个独立的事务。现在我们放开转账方法中可以导致算数异常的注释。
再次运行
发现,转出账户的金额少了100,但是转入账户的金额并没有相应的增加。
这时候我就需要我们将每个方法中的事务的提交合并为同一个事务。
对转账业务进行优化
事务不统一的原因就是,数据源的连接时多实例的。所以我们需要将每个业务方法的数据源连接合并为一个连接。
使用ThreadLocal方法将Connection与当前线程进行绑定,业务方法的链接都从连接工具类中获取。
由于在web开发环境中,我们会使用到线程池,当结束一个线程时并非真正的结束了一个线程,而是将线程操作权还回了线程池,但此时线程上还绑定这一个连接对象,所以要添加一个解绑的方法
package com.tianqicode.utils;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.Connection;
/**
* 连接的工具类,它用于从数据源中获取一个连接,并且实现和线程的绑定
*/
public class ConnectionUtil {
private DataSource source;
public void setSource(DataSource source) {
this.source = source;
}
ThreadLocal<Connection> tl = new ThreadLocal<Connection>();
/**
* 获取当前线程上的连接
* @return
*/
public Connection getThreadLoacal() {
try {
//1、先从当前线程获取连接
Connection connection = tl.get();
//判断当前线程是否有连接
if (connection == null) {
//3、如果当前线程没有连接,则从数据源获取一个连接
connection = source.getConnection();
//4、将连接存入线程
tl.set(connection);
}
//返回当前线程的连接
return connection;
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 把连接与线程解绑
*/
public void removeConnection() {
tl.remove();
}
}
创建事务控制工具类,将自动提交事务变为手动控制事务
package com.tianqicode.utils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
/**
* 和事务管理相关的工具类,它包含了,开启事务,提交事务,回滚事务和释放连接
*/
public class TransactionManager {
private ConnectionUtil connectionUtil;
public void setConnectionUtil(ConnectionUtil connectionUtil) {
this.connectionUtil = connectionUtil;
}
/**
* 开启事务
*/
public void beginTransaction() {
try {
//自动提交事务关闭
connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal().setAutoCommit(false);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 提交事务
*/
public void commitTransaction() {
try {
connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 回滚事务
*/
public void rollbackTransaction() {
try {
connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal().rollback();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 断开连接
*/
public void release() {
try {
//并非断开连接,而是将连接还回连接池中
connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal().close();
connectionUtil.removeConnection();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
修改业务方法,将事务操作放在业务层
package com.tianqicode.service.Impl;
import com.tianqicode.dao.AccountDao;
import com.tianqicode.domain.Account;
import com.tianqicode.service.AccountService;
import com.tianqicode.utils.TransactionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service(value = "accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
//这里调用Dao持久层的对象
//@Autowired
private AccountDao accountDao;
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
public void setTransactionManager(TransactionManager transactionManager) {
this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
}
public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
try {
//1、开启事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
List<Account> accounts = accountDao.findAllAccount();
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
return accounts;
} catch (Exception e) {
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
//6、释放连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
try {
//1、开启事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
Account account = accountDao.findAccountById(accountId);
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
return account;
}catch (Exception e){
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally {
//6、释放连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
public void save(Account account) {
try {
//1、开启事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
accountDao.save(account);
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
System.out.println("保存成功");
}catch (Exception e){
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//6、释放连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
public void update(Account account) {
try {
//1、开启事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
accountDao.update(account);
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
System.out.println("更新成功。。。");
}catch (Exception e){
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//6、释放连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
public void delete(Integer accountId) {
try {
//1、开启事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
accountDao.delete(accountId);
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
System.out.println("删除成功。。。");
}catch (Exception e){
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//6、释放连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
/**
* 转账业务类
* @param sourceName
* @param targetName
* @param money
*/
public void transfer(String sourceName, String targetName, Float money) {
try {
//1、开始事务
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
//2、执行操作
//2.1、获得用户对象
Account sourceAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(sourceName);
Account targetAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(targetName);
//2.2、执行转账操作
Float sourceAfterMoney = sourceAccount.getMoney() - money;
Float targetAfterMoney = targetAccount.getMoney() + money;
//2.3、修改对象数据
sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAfterMoney);
targetAccount.setMoney(targetAfterMoney);
//2.4、更新数据库数据
accountDao.update(sourceAccount);
//int a = 1/0;
accountDao.update(targetAccount);
//3、提交事务
transactionManager.commitTransaction();
//4、返回结果
System.out.println(sourceName + "向" + targetName +"转账" + money + "元成功");
}catch (Exception e){
//5、回滚操作
transactionManager.rollbackTransaction();
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//6、断开连接
transactionManager.release();
}
}
}
手动管理事务,QueryRunner要修改为使用无参的构造方法初始化,这时候需要在增删改操作方法里提供,Connection对象
package com.tianqicode.dao.Impl;
import com.tianqicode.dao.AccountDao;
import com.tianqicode.domain.Account;
import com.tianqicode.utils.ConnectionUtil;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
//@Repository(value = "accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
//调用DBUtils核心类对象
//@Autowired
private QueryRunner runner;
//调用connectionUtil对象,获取链接
private ConnectionUtil connectionUtil;
public void setConnectionUtil(ConnectionUtil connectionUtil) {
this.connectionUtil = connectionUtil;
}
public void setRunner(QueryRunner runner) {
this.runner = runner;
}
public List<Account> findAllAccount() {
try {
return runner.query(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "select * from account", new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer accountId) {
try {
return runner.query(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "select * from account where id = ?", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),accountId);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void save(Account account) {
try {
runner.update(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)", account.getName(),account.getMoney());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void update(Account account) {
try {
runner.update(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "update account set name = ?, money = ? where id = ?", account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public void delete(Integer accountId) {
try {
runner.update(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "delete from account where id = ?", accountId);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 通过用户名查询用户对象
* @param accountName
* @return
*/
public Account findAccountByName(String accountName) {
try {
return runner.query(connectionUtil.getThreadLoacal(), "select * from account where name = ?", new BeanHandler<Account>(Account.class),accountName);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
这时候我们的项目就改造好了,在配置文件中准备相应的bean对象,注入依赖,修改注入
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 准备service类bean对象 -->
<bean id="accountService" class="com.tianqicode.service.Impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<!-- 在service类中注入dao依赖 -->
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
<!-- 在service类中注入事务管理工具类依赖 -->
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 准备dao类bean对象 -->
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.tianqicode.dao.Impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<!-- 在dao类中注入QueryRunner依赖 -->
<property name="runner" ref="runner"></property>
<!-- 注入连接工具类依赖 -->
<property name="connectionUtil" ref="connection"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 准备QueryRunner类bean对象 -->
<bean id="runner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype"></bean>
<!-- 准备数据源bean对象 -->
<bean id="ds" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 在数据源中准备连接数据库的必要信息 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/javaStudy"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="admin"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 准备连接工具类的bean对象 -->
<bean id="connection" class="com.tianqicode.utils.ConnectionUtil">
<!-- 注入数据源依赖 -->
<property name="source" ref="ds"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 准备事务管理工具类bean对象 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="com.tianqicode.utils.TransactionManager">
<!-- 注入连接工具类对象 -->
<property name="connectionUtil" ref="connection"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
将算数异常注释放开,运行测试方法
此时报错,观察数据库中的数据,与操作前相同
再将算数异常注释掉再次运行,异常消失,数据正常变更
@Test
public void testTransfer() {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
//ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
AccountService accountService = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
accountService.transfer("TQ","YY",100f);
}
}
到此为止,我们对于转账业务的添加就到此结束了。
- 此时项目存在的不足
1、代码臃肿
2、配置文件臃肿,冗长
3、业务类中存在对事务管理类方法的依赖(耦合)
这些问题又如何解决呢?